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Ítem Acceso Abierto Bol CIM 273: Uso de repelentes de mosquitos(Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Información de Medicamentos, 2024) Centro de Información de Medicamentos - FCByF - UNRExisten diferentes herramientas para la prevención de enfermedades transmitidas por los mosquitos (dengue, zika, chikungunya). Las medidas más reconocidas y recomendadas son el descacharreo en el hogar, protección con mosquiteros (rígidos en puertas y ventanas, blandos en camas / cunas) y el uso de repelentes. En nuestro país existe una vacuna para el dengue autorizada desde el 2023 (Q-DENGA), pero la misma no está aconsejada y/o disponible para toda la población. Aún en caso de estar vacunados, la enfermedad se puede padecer igual, por lo que no debe omitirse el descacharreo y la protección con repelente. Los repelentes de insectos son sustancias que, por su olor o naturaleza, ofrecen protección contra las picaduras de insectos: - Algunos productos están formulados con un solo principio activo, otros en cambio combinan varios a la vez. Las concentraciones varían en función del preparado. - Se utilizan para protección personal cuando se quiere evitar ser picado por insectos y prevenir las molestias, reacciones intensas o alérgicas que producen, así como las enfermedades que potencialmente pueden transmitir. No matan al insecto pero lo mantienen alejado de la zona donde se ha aplicado el repelente. - Se aplican sobre las diversas zonas expuestas del cuerpo mediante diferentes sistemas: lociones, cremas, vaporizadores, roll-on, etc., a través de los cuales los principios activos son depositados sobre la piel. - El tiempo de protección está relacionado con el principio activo utilizado y su concentración, si bien generalmente aseguran una protección de 4 a 8 horas después de su utilización, hay recomendaciones de renovar la aplicación cada 3 ó 5 horas. A su vez, es necesaria una nueva aplicación luego de exponerse al agua o haber atravesado situaciones de transpiración excesiva. - Todos los repelentes para uso en humanos deben estar aprobados por ANMAT.Ítem Acceso Abierto Cold storage of liver microorgans in ViaSpan® and BG35 solutions. Study of ammonia metabolism during normothermic reoxygenation(Elsevier, 2014-03) Pizarro, María Dolores; Mediavilla, María Gabriela; Berardi, Florencia; Tiribelli, Claudio; Rodríguez, Joaquín Valentín; Mamprin, María E.Introduction. This work focuses on ammonia metabolism of Liver Microorgans (LMOs) after cold preservation in a normothermic reoxygenation system (NRS). We have previously reported the development of a novel preservation solution, Bes-Gluconate-PEG 35 kDa (BG35) that showed the same efficacy as ViaSpan® to protect LMOs against cold preservation injury. The objective of this work was to study mRNA levels and activities of two key Urea Cycle enzymes, Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase I (CPSI) and Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC), after preservation of LMOs in BG35 and ViaSpan® and the ability of these tissue slices to detoxify an ammonia overload in a NRS model. Material and methods. After 48 h of cold storage (0°C in BG35 or ViaSpan®) LMOs were rewarmed in KHR containing an ammonium chloride overload (1 mM). We determined ammonium detoxification capacity (ADC), urea synthesis and enzyme activities and relative mRNA levels for CPSI and OTC. Results. At the end of reoxygenation LMOs cold preserved in BG35 have ADC and urea synthesis similar to controls. ViaSpan® group demonstrated a lower capacity to detoxify ammonia and to synthesize urea than fresh LMOs during the whole reoxygenation period which correlated with the lower mRNA levels and activities for CPSI and OTC observed for this group. Conclusion. We demonstrate that our preservation conditions (48 hours, BG35 solution, anoxia, 0ºC) did not affect ammonia metabolism of cold preserved LMOs maintaining the physiological and biochemical liver functions tested, which allows their future use as biological component of a BAL system.Ítem Acceso Abierto Organic anion transporter 5 renal expression and urinary excretion in rats with vascular calcification(Wiley, 2013) Hazelhoff, María Herminia; Bulacio, Romina Paula; Torres, Adriana MónicaIt has been described renal damage in rats with vascular calcification. The organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) is only expressed in kidney, and its urinary excretion was proposed as potential early biomarker of renal injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Oat5 renal expression and its urinary excretion in an experimental model of vascular calcification in comparison with traditional markers of renal injury. Vascular calcification was obtained by the administration of an overdose of vitamin D3 (300,000 IU/kg, b.w., i.m.) to male Wistar rats. Oat5 urinary abundance was evaluated by Western blotting. Traditional markers of renal injury, such as creatinine and urea plasma levels, urinary protein levels, and urinary alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, were determined using commercial kits. Histology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. Oat5 renal expression was evaluated by Western blotting and by immunohistochemistry. An increased expression of Oat5 in renal homogenates, in apical membranes, and in its urinary excretion was observed in rats with vascular calcification. The traditional parameters used to evaluate renal function were not modified, with the exception of histology. It is possible to postulate the urinary excretion of Oat5 as a potential noninvasive biomarker of renal injury associated with vascular calcification.Ítem Embargo Preparation and characterization of new salts of tioconazole. Comparison of their dissolution performance(Elsevier, 2024-01-23) Moroni, Aldana Beatriz; Pérez Mayoral, Elena; Lionello, Diego Fernando; Vega, Daniel Roberto; Kaufman, Teodoro Saúl; Calvo, Natalia LorenaTioconazole is an effective antifungal agent with very low solubility in aqueous media, which limits its bioavailability and efficacy. Aiming to overcome the drug limitations by improving the solubility of this active pharmaceutical ingredient, solution precipitation techniques were employed to prepare four new crystalline salts, namely the mesylate, tosylate, maleate (1:1), and fumarate (1:1) hemihydrate. The thermal stabilities, dissolution properties, and structural characteristics of the solids were determined, and the study was extended to compare their properties with the already-known oxalate salt. The structural characterization of the new phases was carried out using a multi-method approach, which included thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry), diffractometric (powder X-ray diffraction), and spectroscopic (near-infrared and mid-infrared) methodologies. The determination of the melting point of the salts confirmed the findings made by thermal methods. Functional characteristics of the salts, involving their intrinsic dissolution rates were also determined. It was found that the salts exhibited improved thermal stability and that the nature of the counterion modulated their dissolution characteristics. The salts displayed better intrinsic dissolution rates than the free base, to the point of being “highly soluble” according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. At pH 4.3, the sulfonic acid derivatives exhibited better dissolution rates than their carboxylic acid-derived counterparts, greatly improved regarding bare tioconazole. The results suggest that the salts have great potential to be used as replacements for the free base; in principle, careful salt selection may help to fulfill each solubility need for the different scenarios where the drug may be used.Ítem Embargo Characterization of the hydrochloride salt hemihydrate as a new salt of the antifungal agent tioconazole(Elsevier, 2023-03-14) Moroni, Aldana Beatriz; Pérez Mayoral, Elena; Lionello, Diego Fernando; Vega, Daniel Roberto; Kaufman, Teodoro Saúl; Calvo, Natalia LorenaTioconazole is an effective antifungal agent, which has a very low solubility in aqueous media, that limits its bioavailability and efficacy. In an effort to overcome the drug limitations by improving its solubility, the hydrochloride salt was prepared in methanolic 1 M HCl and obtained as the hemihydrate, as demonstrated by elemental analysis. Single crystals were grown by slow evaporation from an aqueous 1 M HCl solution and their structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 302 K. The structures resulting from dehydration and further rehydration were also assessed, at 333 and 283 K, respectively. The morphology of the crystal, which exhibited birefringence under polarized light, was verified by hot stage microscopy. The solid was characterized by additional means, including thermal analysis (melting point, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry), spectroscopic methods (mid infrared, near infrared, 1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance in solution, as well as 13C and 15N solid state with spinning at the magic angle) and X-ray diffraction techniques. Functional evaluation tests, including the intrinsic dissolution rate and the dissolution of powders were also performed. In the intrinsic dissolution rate test, the salt proved to dissolve over 2000 times faster than tioconazole. The results suggest that the new salt has physicochemical and performance properties which may support its use as a replacement of the free base in certain applications, especially where improved dissolution rate, solubility or bioavailability of the drug would be desired.Ítem Embargo Solid-state properties of Nifurtimox. Preparation, analytical characterization, and stability of an amorphous phase(Elsevier, 2023-01-13) Moroni, Aldana Beatriz; Pérez Mayoral, Elena; Lionello, Diego Fernando; Vega, Daniel Roberto; Kaufman, Teodoro Saúl; Calvo, Natalia LorenaNifurtimox (NFX) is a nitrofuran derivative used to treat Chagas disease, a neglected disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The drug is very sparingly soluble in aqueous media and no other solid phases of NFX have been reported to date. The preparation of the amorphous mode of NFX is reported, as well as its characterization by hot stage microscopy, thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), spectroscopic (solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, mid-infrared, and near-infrared), diffractometric and functional (powder dissolution rate) means. The stability of the new phase was investigated. This was characterized using thermal, spectroscopic, and diffractometric methods, finding out its spontaneous reversion to the crystalline state, as sign of instability. In addition, the amorphous material proved to be sensitive to temperature, pressure, and mechanical stress, all of which accelerated phase conversion. However, it was able to remain stable in a model polymeric amorphous solid dispersion with PEG 4000 for more than one month. An approach for monitoring the conversion of the amorphous phase to its crystalline counterpart under thermal stress by chemometric analysis of mid-infrared spectra at different temperatures is also disclosed.Ítem Embargo Selected aspects of the analytical and pharmaceutical profiles of Nifurtimox(Elsevier, 2023-02-16) Moroni, Aldana Beatriz; Calvo, Natalia Lorena; Kaufman, Teodoro SaúlNifurtimox is a nitroheterocyclic drug employed for treatment of trypanosomiases (Chagas disease and West African sleeping sickness); its use for certain cancers has also been assessed. Despite having been in the market for over 50 years, knowledge of nifurtimox is still fragmentary and incomplete. Relevant aspects of the chemistry and biology of nifurtimox are reviewed to summarize the current knowledge of this drug. These comprise its chemical synthesis and the preparation of some analogues, as well as its chemical degradation. Selected physical data and physicochemical properties are also listed, along with different approaches toward the analytical characterization of the drug, including electrochemical (polarography, cyclic voltammetry), spectroscopic (ultraviolet-visible, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance), and single crystal X-ray diffractometry. The array of polarographic, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic, and chromatographic methods available for the analytical determination of nifurtimox (in bulk drug, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological samples), are also presented and discussed, along with chiral chromatographic and electrophoretic alternatives for the separation of the enantiomers of the drug. Aspects of the drug likeliness of nifurtimox, its classification in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, and available pharmaceutical formulations are detailed, whereas pharmacological, chemical, and biological aspects of its metabolism and disposition are discussed.Ítem Acceso Abierto Bol CIM 272: Minerales: aportes en la dieta y suplementación(Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Información de Medicamentos, 2024-08) Centro de Información de Medicamentos - FCByF - UNRLas vitaminas y los minerales son micronutrientes (elementos esenciales en pequeñas cantidades) que el cuerpo necesita para llevar a cabo diferentes funciones con normalidad. Sin embargo, estos micronutrientes no se producen en nuestro cuerpo y deben obtenerse de la dieta. Los minerales en particular son elementos inorgánicos presentes en el suelo y el agua, que son absorbidos por las plantas o consumidos por los animales. Los suplementos de vitaminas y minerales son los suplementos dietéticos más utilizados por las poblaciones de todo el mundo. Si bien los suplementos pueden usarse para corregir la deficiencia de micronutrientes o mantener una ingesta adecuada, los suplementos de venta libre son tomados con mayor frecuencia por personas sin signos o síntomas clínicos de deficiencia. Otro motivo de consumo de este tipo de suplementos es la posible prevención de ciertas enfermedades. Sin embargo, el efecto de los suplementos de vitaminas y minerales sobre el riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles en poblaciones "generalmente sanas" es controvertido. La mayoría de los estudios sobre el valor potencial de los suplementos para mejorar la salud y prevenir enfermedades (como cáncer, enfermedad cardiovascular, cataratas y degeneración macular relacionada con la edad, por ejemplo) han sido observacionales. Los participantes en estos estudios utilizaron una amplia variedad de suplementos que contenían diferentes combinaciones y cantidades de nutrientes, lo cual dificulta aún más comparar resultados de forma reproducible. Cabe señalar que diferentes estudios científicos demuestran que muchas frutas, verduras y cereales cultivados hoy en día contienen menos proteínas, calcio, fósforo, hierro, riboflavina y vitamina C que los cultivados hace décadas. La raíz del problema estaría en los procesos agrícolas que aumentan el rendimiento de las cosechas pero perturban la salud del suelo. Entre ellos se encuentran los métodos de irrigación, fertilización y cosecha, que también alteran las interacciones esenciales entre las plantas y microorganismos del suelo, lo que reduce la absorción de nutrientes del mismo. Estos problemas se producen en el contexto del cambio climático y el aumento de los niveles de dióxido de carbono, que también están reduciendo el contenido de nutrientes de las frutas, las verduras y los cereales. Las recolecciones prematuras (hasta 15 o 20 días antes de lo que debido) y la maduración en cámaras frías, entorno en el que una fruta o una verdura puede variar su equilibrio de ácidos y azúcares y cambiar de color, pero no puede sintetizar ni una sola vitamina porque no está absorbiendo ningún nutriente y, evidentemente, también ha dejado de acumular minerales. Por todo lo anterior, el foco debe seguir estando en llevar una dieta variada y saludable. Y aunque el valor nutricional de los alimentos como las frutas, verduras, carnes, lácteos, y huevos no sean ya los de antes, siguen siendo una opción extremadamente mejor que los alimentos ultraprocesados. En aquellos casos en que los requerimientos no sean cubiertos con la dieta, se recomienda su indicación por un profesional de la salud. Los minerales se pueden encontrar en suplementos por sí solos o en presentaciones que combinan distintos componentes, con gran variedad de concentraciones. Presentamos información de los más utilizados.Ítem Acceso Abierto Miconazole Nitrate Microparticles in Lidocaine Loaded Films as a treatment for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis(MDPI, 2023-05-07) Tejada, Guillermo; Calvo, Natalia Lorena; Morri, Mauro; Sortino, Maximiliano Andrés; Lamas, María Celina; Alvarez, Vera A.; Leonardi, Darío; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4457-9099; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-3686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-1690; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-4592; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-3570Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection that affects mainly individuals with weakened immune system. Devices used in the oral area to treat this condition include buccal films, which present advantages over both oral tablets and gels. Since candidiasis causes pain, burning, and itching, the purpose of this work was to develop buccal films loaded with both lidocaine (anesthetic) and miconazole nitrate (MN, antifungal) to treat this pathology topically. MN was loaded in microparticles based on different natural polymers, and then, these microparticles were loaded in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-gelatin-based films containing lidocaine. All developed films showed adequate adhesiveness and thickness. DSC and XRD tests suggested that the drugs were in an amorphous state in the therapeutic systems. Microparticles based on chitosan-alginate showed the highest MN encapsulation. Among the films, those containing the mentioned microparticles presented the highest tensile strength and the lowest elongation at break, possibly due to the strong interactions between both polymers. These films allowed a fast release of lidocaine and a controlled release of MN. Due to the latter, these systems showed antifungal activity for 24 h. Therefore, the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis with these films could reduce the number of daily applications with respect to conventional treatments.Ítem Acceso Abierto Bol CIM 271: Prazoles de venta libre(Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Información de Medicamentos, 2024-06) Centro de Información de Medicamentos - FCByF - UNRRecientemente la Administración Nacional De Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT) informó sobre un cambio en la condición de venta de los principios activos conocidos como prazoles: Omeprazol, Lansoprazol, Pantoprazol y Esomeprazol. Con este cambio, dichos medicamentos comienzan a ser de venta libre, ya que ANMAT considera que se trata de especialidades medicinales de probada calidad, seguridad y eficacia a través del tiempo para ser usadas en el alivio de síntomas o signos fácilmente reconocibles por el usuario, y que a través de la permanencia en el mercado nacional bajo condición de venta bajo receta han probado la ausencia de efectos adversos adversos graves que afecten el balance riesgo-beneficio. Además, poseen un amplio margen terapéutico de manera tal que la administración de una dosis mayor a la recomendada o la utilización por más tiempo del indicado no represente un daño grave para la salud de la población, resaltando en este sentido que la duración del tratamiento esté acotado a la indicación propuesta y posología. Asimismo, ANMAT recomienda a los profesionales de la salud estar atentos a posibles efectos adversos y realizar los reportes de farmacovigilancia, de tal forma de actualizar la información sobre seguridad de estos principios activos. En: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/anmat/farmacovigilancia/notificanos Ante esta situación, es importante reforzar el asesoramiento al paciente sobre su uso correcto, además de evitar que esta nueva condición de venta fomente un consumo irracional. Sumado a la venta libre, los medicamentos de este grupo suelen ser prescritos en casos que no están incluidos en las recomendaciones actuales. Por ejemplo, un estudio reciente llevado a cabo en pacientes internados en el Centro Hospitalario de Portugal, mostró que casi la mitad de los pacientes (46,5% al ingreso y 55% al alta) estaban bajo terapia con prazoles, y se consideró que la indicación era incorrecta en más de la mitad de ellos (61,5% al ingreso y 62,3% al alta), ya que una gran proporción de los pacientes en los cuales sí era necesaria la indicación fueron dados de alta sin la prescripción correspondiente.Ítem Acceso Abierto Preformulation and long-term stability studies of an optimized palatable praziquantel Ethanol-free Solution for pediatric delivery(MDPI, 30-07-23) Bedogni, Giselle; García , Paula; Seremeta, Katia; Okulik , Nora; Salomon, Claudio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-7073To date, the treatment for cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis consists of a single oral intake of praziquantel (5–10 mg/kg), which since it is only available as tablets, hinders its administration to pediatric patients. Praziquantel is a poorly water-soluble drug which represents a challenge for its formulation in solution, particularly for the pediatric population. Thus, this study aimed to develop a palatable solution for praziquantel using pharmaceutical-accepted co-solvent systems. A design of experiments approach was applied to identify the optimal conditions for achieving a suitable amount of praziquantel in solution using co-solvent mixtures. Thus, praziquantel solubility increased from 0.38 up to 43.50 mg/mL in the optimized system. A taste masking assay in healthy human volunteers confirmed a successful reduction of drug bitterness after the addition of selected flavors and a sweetener. Stability studies were also conducted at different temperatures (4, 25, and 40 °C) for 12 months Even though the presence of the three known impurities of praziquantel was observed, their amounts never exceeded the acceptance criteria of the USP. Thus, this novel approach should be considered a valuable alternative for further preclinical studies considering the high prevalence of this infection worldwide.Ítem Acceso Abierto Bol CIM 270: Recomendaciones del uso de antihistamínicos H1(Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Información de Medicamentos, 2024-04) Centro de Información de Medicamentos - FCByF - UNRLos antihistamínicos H1 (AH1) son un grupo de medicamentos muy utilizado para reducir o eliminar los síntomas de las reacciones alérgicas, incluyendo afecciones respiratorias como la congestión nasal. Están disponibles en especialidades medicinales como único principio activo, asociados a corticoides o en combinación con uno o más principios activos en productos “antigripales”, éstos últimos no están recomendados en muchos casos. Se han reconocido 4 tipos de receptores de histamina. Los receptores H1 y H2 están presentes en un amplio abanico de células (endoteliales, epiteliales, del músculo liso, neuronas y células del sistema inmune) y cuando se activan estimulan las diferentes fases de la reacción alérgica. Esto se traduce en broncoconstricción, vasodilatación, aumento de la permeabilidad vascular, prurito e inflamación. Los AH1 estabilizan el receptor en estado inactivo, inhibiendo la acción de la histamina; los antihistamínicos-H2 actúan fundamentalmente inhibiendo la secreción gástrica. Los receptores H3 y H4 están menos extendidos, pero se sabe que son inductores del prurito y de las distintas fases de la reacción inflamatoria inmune. Los AH1 son medicamentos de uso frecuente, debido a la incidencia de enfermedades alérgicas como la rinitis alérgica, asma alérgica, urticaria idiopática crónica y dermatitis atópica, que ha aumentado en las últimas décadas. Los síntomas como picazón, estornudos y rinorrea, causados por enfermedades alérgicas suelen reducir la calidad de vida. Se ha informado que millones de personas experimentan discapacidades físicas y reducciones en la calidad de vida, así como cargas económicas, derivadas de enfermedades alérgicas y sus comorbilidades asociadasÍtem Acceso Abierto Characterization of albendazole-randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and in vivo evaluation of its antihelmitic activity in a murine model of trichinellosis(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2014-11-18) García, Agustina; Leonardi, Darío; Vasconi, María D.; Hinrichsen, Lucila Isabel; Lamas, María CelinaAlbendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate extensively used in oral chemotherapy against intestinal parasites, due to its broad spectrum activity, good tolerance and low cost. However, the drug has the disadvantage of poor bioavailability due to its very low solubility in water; as a consequence, a very active area of research focuses on the development of new pharmaceutical formulations to increase its solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability. The primary objective of this study was to prepare randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes to increase albendazole dissolution rate, in order to enhance its antiparasitic activity. This formulation therapeutic efficacy was contrasted with that of the pure drug by treating Trichinella spiralis infected mice during the intestinal phase of the parasite cycle, on days five and six post-infection. This protocol significantly decreased muscle larval burden measured in the parenteral stage on day 30 post-infection, when compared with the untreated control. Thus, it could be demonstrated that the inclusion complexes improve the in vivo therapeutic activity of albendazole.Ítem Acceso Abierto New approaches to identification and characterization of tioconazole in raw material and inpharmaceutical dosage forms(Elsevier, 2018-11-23) Calvo, Natalia Lorena; Alvarez, Vera A.; Lamas, María Celina; Leonardi, DaríoTioconazole (TCZ), a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, has significant activity against Candida albicans and other Candida species, and therefore, it is indicated for the topical treatment of superficial mycoses. The main goal of this work is to report an exhaustive identification and characterization procedure to improve and facilitate the online quality control and continuous process monitoring of TCZ in bulk material and loaded in two different dosage forms: ovules and nail lacquer. The methodologies were based on thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), melting point, and thermogravimetry (TG)), spectroscopic (ultraviolet (UV), Raman, near infrared (NIR), infrared spectroscopy coupled to attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), microscopic and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TCZ bulk powder showed a high crystallinity, as observed by XRD, with a particles size distribution (3–95 µm) resolved by microscopic measurements. TCZ melting point (82.8 °C) and a degradation peak centered at 297.8 °C were obtained by DSC and DTG, respectively. An unambiguous structure elucidation of TCZ was obtained by mono- and two- dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectral data analysis. The FTIR-ATR, Raman and NIR spectra of both the raw material and the commercial products were analyzed and their characteristic bands were tabulated. The best methods for TCZ identification in ovules were DSC, TG, XRD, NIR and Raman, while NIR and FTIR-ATR were the most appropriate techniques to analyze it in the nail lacquer. DSC, TG, DRX, Raman, FTIR-ATR and NIR spectroscopy are effective techniques to be used in online process analysis, because they do not require sample preparation, and they are considerably sensitive to analyze complex samples.Ítem Acceso Abierto Análisis de la prescripción de medicamentos en una comunidad geriátrica Argentina(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2013-02) Marzi, Marta Mónica; Diruscio, Valeriana Alejandra; Núñez, Mariano H.; Pires, Miryam Susana; Quaglia, Nora BeatrízBackground: Although polypharmacy may bejustified in elderly patients with multiple diseases, it may be dangerous, especially when it includes potentially inappropriate medications (PIM). Aim: To identify inappropriate medication and factors associated with the most relevant prescriptions among older people. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional observational analysis of drugs prescribed during the first trimester of 2010 to 179 older adults aged 77 ± 8 years (98 women), living in a geriatric reference hospital in Argentina. The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in elderly patients was analyzed using Beers Criteria updated to 2012. Results: The mean number of drugs prescribed per individual was 6.1 ± 2.7. The most commonly used drugs were anti-ulcer agents (58.1%), agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (54.2%), antithrombotic medications (50.8%) and benzodiazepines (50.8 %). The use of antacids and anti-ulcer agents, psychotropic drugs and PIM was significantly higher among patients using six or more drugs daily, compared to the less medicated group (odds ratio (OR) = 6.8, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.5-13.2; OR=15.0, 95%CI 5.9-38.4; OR=5.0; 95%IC 2.6-9.8, respectively). Thirty one percent of participants using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, were not receiving medications for gastric protection. One to four drugs included in the Beers list were prescribed to 66% of participants. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of use of antacids and anti-ulcer agents, these drugs were not prescribed to a significant proportion of patients using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Strategies to optimize pharmacotherapy in the elderly population are urgently required.Ítem Acceso Abierto Expression of renal Oat5 and NaDC1 transporters in rats with acute biliary obstruction(Baishideng, 2015-08-07) Brandoni, Anabel; Torres, Adriana MónicaAIM: To examine renal expression of organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) and sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1), and excretion of citrate in rats with acute extrahepatic cholestasis. METHODS: Obstructive jaundice was induced in rats by double ligation and division of the common bile duct (BDL group). Controls underwent sham operation that consisted of exposure, but not ligation, of the common bile duct (Sham group). Studies were performed 21 h after surgery. During this period, animals were maintained in metabolic cages in order to collect urine. The urinary volume was determined by gravimetry. The day of the experiment, blood samples were withdrawn and used to measure total and direct bilirubin as indicative parameters of hepatic function. Serum and urine samples were used for biochemical determinations. Immunoblotting for Oat5 and NaDC1 were performed in renal homogenates and brush border membranes from Sham and BDL rats. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed in kidneys from both experimental groups. Total RNA was extracted from rat renal tissue in order to perform reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Another set of experimental animals were used to evaluate medullar renal blood flow (mRBF) using fluorescent microspheres. RESULTS: Total and direct bilirubin levels were significantly higher in BDL animals, attesting to the adequacy of biliary obstruction. An important increase in mRBF was determined in BDL group (Sham: 0.53 ± 0.12 mL/min per 100 g body weight vs BDL: 1.58 ± 0.24 mL/min per 100 g body weight, P < 0.05). An increase in the urinary volume was observed in BDL animals. An important decrease in urinary levels of citrate was seen in BDL group. Besides, a decrease in urinary citrate excretion (Sham: 0.53 ± 0.11 g/g creatinine vs BDL: 0.07 ± 0.02 g/g creatinine, P < 0.05) and an increase in urinary excretion of H+ (Sham: 0.082 ± 0.03 μmol/g creatinine vs BDL: 0.21 ± 0.04 μmol/g creatinine, P < 0.05) were observed in BDL animals. We found upregulations of both proteins Oat5 and NaDC1 in brush border membranes where they are functional. Immunohistochemistry technique corroborated these results for both proteins. No modifications were observed in Oat5 mRNA and in NaDC1 mRNA levels in kidney from BDL group as compared with Sham ones. CONCLUSION: Citrate excretion is decreased in BDL rats, at least in part, because of the higher NaDC1 expression. Using the outward gradient of citrate generated by NaDC1, Oat5 can reabsorb/eliminate different organic anions of pathophysiological importance.Ítem Acceso Abierto A randomized 3-month, parallel-group, controlled trial of CALMA m-health app as an adjunct to therapy to reduce suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in adolescents: study protocol(Frontiers, 2023-07-20) Rodante, Demián Emanuel; Chiapella, Luciana Carla; Olivera Fedi, Ramiro; Papávero, Eliana Belén; Lavoie, Kim L.; Daray, Federico ManuelBackground: Suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors are among the leading causes of death and injury in adolescents and youth worldwide. Mobile app development could help people at risk and provide resources to deliver evidence-based interventions. There is no specific application for adolescents and young people available in Spanish. Our group developed CALMA, the first interactive mobile application with the user in Spanish, which provides tools based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to manage a crisis of suicidal or non-suicidal self-directed violence with the aim of preventing suicide in adolescents and youth. Methods: To test the effectiveness, safety and level of engagement of the CALMA app in people aged 10 to 19 who are treated in mental health services of two public hospitals, we will conduct a parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial. Participants will be assessed face-to-face and via video call at four timepoints: day-0 (baseline), day-30, day-60, and day-90. A total of 29 participants per group will be included. Change in the frequency of suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors will be compared between groups, as well as the level of emotional dysregulation, level of app engagement and time of psychiatric admission during the follow-up period. Discussion: This study is particularly relevant to young people given their widespread use of mobile technology, while there are currently no available smartphone app-based self-guided psychological strategies in Spanish that attempt to reduce suicidal behavior in adolescents who are assisted in the public health sector from low and middle-income countries in Latin America.Ítem Acceso Abierto Bol CIM 269: Suplementos deportivos (parte 2)(Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Información de Medicamentos, 2024-02) Centro de Información de Medicamentos - FCByF - UNREl uso de los suplementos deportivos está ampliamente extendido entre los deportistas profesionales y amateurs. En este último grupo, sobre todo, se recurre muchas veces a la automedicación por lo cual es importante que los profesionales de la salud se mantengan informados de los distintos suplementos, su efectividad y seguridad. En el Boletín anterior presentamos información sobre el grupo A, en éste vamos a enfocar los otros grupos.Ítem Acceso Abierto Adecuación del Trabajo de la Unidad de Optimización de la Farmacoterapia en el Contexto de la Pandemia por COVID-19. Experiencia Rosario, Argentina(UNAH, 2021-12-06) Intilangelo, Aldana; Majic, Sofía; Basurto, María Inés; Paciaroni, Jorgelina; Palchik, Valeria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-7440; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-824X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-682XLa Unidad de Optimización de la Farmacoterapia (UOF) de Rosario nace en 2012 como respuesta a los problemas con medicamentos. La metodología de trabajo implicaba un encuentro presencial con los pacientes y el contexto de pandemia propició adecuar su funcionamiento. Se generaron nuevas estrategias de difusión, comunicación y abordaje de las problemáticas trabajadas que posibilitaron la realización de 42 entrevistas que permitieron identificar problemas relacionados a medicamentos y proponer oportunidades de optimización de la farmacoterapia a pacientes de diversas localidades del país. Estudiantes y docentes promovieron el desarrollo de competencias farmacéuticas dentro del contexto particular, específicamente respecto al de la atención farmacéutica continuada y sostenida. De este modo la UOF se consolida como una práctica social y transformadora que intenta albergar un modo interactivo de saberes para indagar oportunidades de optimización y estrategias de afrontamiento en el contexto adverso actual.Ítem Acceso Abierto Resultados clínicos de la atención farmacéutica en la Unidad de Optimización de la Farmacoterapia de Rosario(OFIL, 2022-09-19) Intilangelo, Aldana; Palchik, Valeria; Bianchi, Mariela; Majic, Sofía; Basurto, María Inés; Traverso, María Luz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-682X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-7440; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-824XObjetivo: La Unidad de Optimización de la Farmacoterapia (UOF) de Rosario implementó en 2012 el proceso de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT). El objetivo del presente trabajo es definir indicadores que permitan estimar resultados clínicos intermedios del SFT en pacientes que concurren a la UOF de Rosario. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo enfocado en indicadores de resultados clínicos intermedios. La definición de los indicadores implicó: la selección de indicadores que enfoquen resultados clínicos intermedios del SFT mediante relevamiento de publicaciones; la descripción de la construcción de cada indicador y la aplicación en prueba piloto. Se incluyen todos los SFT de pacientes adultos polimedicados que concurrieron a la UOF, con inicio entre el 01/04/2019 y el 31/3/2020 y con actividades de seguimiento hasta el 31/03/2021, considerando un período de SFT no inferior a tres meses. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 5 indicadores: problemas relacionados a medicamentos (PRM) identificados, prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas de medicamentos (PPIM) identificadas, problemas no relacionados a medicamentos (PNRM) identificados, oportunidades de optimización de la farmacoterapia (OOF) realizadas y OOF aceptadas. En la prueba piloto fueron aplicados en el SFT de 21 pacientes. Se verificó pertinencia y factibilidad, y se incluyeron en el sistema informático propio de la UOF para ser estimados en forma automática y periódica. Conclusiones: La aplicación sistemática de indicadores de resultados clínicos intermedios permite el monitoreo del proceso de SFT; buscando garantizar que las necesidades farmacoterapéuticas del paciente están siendo satisfechas, identificando PRM, PNRM y PPIM, así como proponiendo OOF para optimizar los resultados de la farmacoterapia.