Trabajo, políticas públicas y discapacidad : un estudio a partir de los programas de capacitación y empleo para personas con discapacidad en Mar del Plata 2010-2021
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
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Esta tesis busca dar cuenta, a través del análisis en profundidad de una política
pública, de la incidencia del Estado en la afiliación de las personas con discapacidad. Los
datos obtenidos a través de distintas fuentes -primarias y secundarias- mostraron que los
programas de capacitación y empleo para personas en situación de discapacidad en la
ciudad de Mar del Plata tenían un fuerte impacto en la población. Profundizando en ese
impacto pudimos constatar que no era tan fuerte en términos de generación de empleo
como de creación y refuerzo de lazos sociales; en términos de Robert Castel, de afiliación.
Del análisis de los proyectos del Programa Promover surgió que un 95% correspondían a
los subprogramas que podrían englobarse como de capacitación laboral y un 5% a los
proyectos de inserción laboral. Durante el trabajo de investigación se pudo observar:
- La importancia del trabajo interinstitucional para la implementación de los
programas de política pública;
- La necesidad de articular ayudas económicas con las pensiones por discapacidad
y otras fuentes de ingresos;
- La necesidad de plantear desde el Estado propuestas de trabajo que sean lo
suficientemente flexibles como para adecuarse a la heterogeneidad de las personas
con discapacidad;
- La importancia de empoderar las políticas públicas a través de un mayor
financiamiento;
- La necesidad de involucrar al sector privado y público mucho más en la
incorporación de trabajadores con discapacidad; y
- La urgencia de repensar los mecanismos de inclusión sociolaboral incluyendo en
el debate a las personas con discapacidad y las dinámicas contextuales actuales.
Se destaca de lo observado que la lucha, conquista y efectivización de los
derechos ha sido colectiva y dependió fuertemente del compromiso y la solidaridad de
las personas, lo que se visibilizó como movilización y lucha por los derechos. El Trabajo
Social, en tanto es una de las disciplinas encargadas de cuestionar, dar a conocer y
transformar situaciones de vulneración, es capaz de promocionar derechos y
efectivizarlos en la realidad. En este contexto, es necesario seguir construyendo e
implementando herramientas para desarrollar derechos y su vigencia plena en la
población.
This thesis seeks to account, through an in-depth analysis of a public policy, of the incidence of the State in the affiliation of people with disabilities. The data obtained through different sources -primary and secondary- showed that training and employment programs for people with disabilities in the city of Mar del Plata had a strong impact on the population. Going deeper into this impact, we were able to confirm that it was not as strong in terms of job creation as it was in terms of creating and reinforcing social ties; in Robert Castel’s concepts, in terms of affiliation. From the analysis of the projects of the Programa Promover, it emerged that 95% corresponded to subprograms that could be included as job training and 5% to job placement projects. Based on the developed analysis, it stands out: - The importance of inter-institutional work for the implementation of public policy programs; - The need to articulate economic aid with disability pensions and other sources of income; - The need to propose work proposals from the State that are flexible enough to adapt to the heterogeneity of people with disabilities; - The importance of empowering public policies through increased financing; - The need to involve the private and public sectors much more in the incorporation of workers with disabilities; - The urgency of rethinking the mechanisms of socio-labor inclusion including people with disabilities in the debate and the current contextual dynamics. It stands out from what has been observed that the struggle, conquest and realization of rights has been collective and strongly depended on the commitment and solidarity of people, which became visible as mobilization and struggle for rights. Social Work, as it is one of the disciplines in charge of questioning, publicizing and transforming situations of violation of rights, is capable of promoting rights and making them effective in reality. In this context, it is necessary to continue building and implementing tools to develop rights and their full validity in the population.
This thesis seeks to account, through an in-depth analysis of a public policy, of the incidence of the State in the affiliation of people with disabilities. The data obtained through different sources -primary and secondary- showed that training and employment programs for people with disabilities in the city of Mar del Plata had a strong impact on the population. Going deeper into this impact, we were able to confirm that it was not as strong in terms of job creation as it was in terms of creating and reinforcing social ties; in Robert Castel’s concepts, in terms of affiliation. From the analysis of the projects of the Programa Promover, it emerged that 95% corresponded to subprograms that could be included as job training and 5% to job placement projects. Based on the developed analysis, it stands out: - The importance of inter-institutional work for the implementation of public policy programs; - The need to articulate economic aid with disability pensions and other sources of income; - The need to propose work proposals from the State that are flexible enough to adapt to the heterogeneity of people with disabilities; - The importance of empowering public policies through increased financing; - The need to involve the private and public sectors much more in the incorporation of workers with disabilities; - The urgency of rethinking the mechanisms of socio-labor inclusion including people with disabilities in the debate and the current contextual dynamics. It stands out from what has been observed that the struggle, conquest and realization of rights has been collective and strongly depended on the commitment and solidarity of people, which became visible as mobilization and struggle for rights. Social Work, as it is one of the disciplines in charge of questioning, publicizing and transforming situations of violation of rights, is capable of promoting rights and making them effective in reality. In this context, it is necessary to continue building and implementing tools to develop rights and their full validity in the population.
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