Longitudinal follow-up of the immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers in Argentina: Persistence of humoral response and neutralizing capacity after Sputnik V vaccination
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NLM (Medline)
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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection has encountered waning of immune response
and breakthrough infections. The hybrid immune response generated by the combination of vaccination and infection was shown to offer higher and broader protection.
Here, we present a seroprevalence study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike/RBD IgG in 1,121
health care workers immunized with Sputnik V and a follow-up of humoral response at
2 and 24 weeks postvaccination (wpv), including neutralizing antibody response (NAT)
against ancestral, Gamma, and Delta variants. The first seroprevalence study showed
that among 122 individuals with one dose, 90.2% were seropositive versus 99.7% seropositivity among volunteers with the complete two-dose regimen. At 24 wpv, 98.7% of
the volunteers remained seropositive, although antibody levels decreased. IgG levels
and NAT were higher in individuals that had acquired COVID-19 previous to vaccination than in naive individuals at 2 and 24 wpv. Antibody levels dropped over time in
both groups. In contrast, IgG levels and NAT increased after vaccine breakthrough
infection. At 2 wpv, 35/40 naive individuals had detectable NAT against SARS-CoV-2
Gamma and 6/40 against Delta. In turn, 8/9 previously infected individuals developed a
neutralizing response against SARS-CoV-2 Gamma and 4/9 against Delta variants. NAT
against variants followed a trajectory similar to NAT against ancestral SARS-CoV-2, and
breakthrough infection led to an increase in NAT and complete seroconversion against
variants. In conclusion, Sputnik V-induced humoral response persisted at 6 months
postvaccination, and hybrid immunity induced higher levels of anti-S/RBD antibodies
and NAT in previously exposed individuals, boosted the response after vaccination, and
conferred wider breadth of protection.
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