Argentina en las negociaciones comerciales multilaterales de Ronda Doha (2001 – 2011): Análisis de su participación en el proceso negociador
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
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El lanzamiento de la Ronda de Doha pareció marcar un nuevo comienzo en las
relaciones comerciales internacionales. En esta negociación los países
desarrollados acordaron avanzar hacia una agenda del desarrollo en el comercio
mundial, insinuando un cambio en las condiciones de asimetría en las cuales había
funcionado el régimen multilateral de comercio hasta entonces. Ello provocó que
países que no habían sido protagonistas centrales de las negociaciones
anteriormente, generasen considerables niveles de participación e influencia en el
marco multilateral. No se trató únicamente de las llamadas potencias emergentes,
sino también de un tercer grupo de Estados con menores recursos, que comenzó a
participar en forma cada vez más activa en las negociaciones.
Argentina fue uno de estos países. Se trata de un país medio, que a pesar de haber
atravesado una serie de crisis y transformaciones domésticas político-económicas
de importancia, tuvo un involucramiento elevado en las negociaciones,
desplegando una diplomacia activa, en función de los objetivos planteados por el
país para la agenda de Doha. Observando tal comportamiento, esta tesis doctoral
se pregunta por la manera en que se desarrolló la participación de Argentina en las
negociaciones de la Ronda Doha, y en particular, por los factores, domésticos y
sistémicos, que explican las variaciones en la posición negociadora, y en las
estrategias de dicha participación, así como en su influencia o eficacia alcanzada.
La investigación se plantea como un estudio de caso único, y se centra en el
análisis de la participación argentina en el proceso de las negociaciones de Ronda
Doha, de la OMC, durante la década comprendida entre 2001 y 2011. Se focaliza
en las negociaciones de bienes industriales y agrícolas, a lo largo de cuatro
“momentos claves” del proceso negociador, entendido éste como un proceso de
múltiples niveles, sujeto tanto a condicionantes domésticos como sistémicos.
Nuestras hipótesis de trabajo son dos: i) que en las negociaciones de bienes y
agricultura de la Ronda Doha la Argentina desarrolló una participación
negociadora activa que le permitió tener influencia en ciertos momentos claves del
proceso negociador; y ii) que la efectividad de ese activismo fue condicionada por
la presencia/ausencia de una base doméstica sólida, en combinación con un marco
contextual permisivo para el accionar de los países en desarrollo.
The launch of the Doha Round seemed to show a new beginning in the international trade relations. In this negotiation, developed countries agreed to move towards a development agenda in global trade, suggesting a change in the conditions of asymmetry in which the multilateral trading regime had been operating so far. This caused that countries, that had not been the central players in the negotiations before, generated significant levels of participation and influence in the multilateral framework. Not only the so-called emerging powers, but also a third group of states with fewer resources, began to participate actively in the negotiations. Argentina was one of these countries. It is an average sized country that despite having gone through a number of crisis and important domestic politicaleconomic transformations during the negotiations, it has had a high involvement in them, deploying an active diplomacy towards the objectives fostered by the country in the Doha agenda. Observing such behavior, this dissertation aims to answer how was Argentina's participation in the Doha Round negotiations (2001-2011)? and in particular, what factors, domestic and systemic explain the variations in the bargaining position and in the strategies of such participation, as well as the changes in the influence or efficacy achieved during that period. The research is presented as a single case study, based on the analysis of Argentina's participation in the process of the Doha Round negotiations, during the decade between 2001 and 2011. It focuses on the negotiation of industrial and agricultural goods, over four "key moments" of the negotiating process. This one is understood as a multilevel process, subject to both domestic and systemic conditions. Our hypothesis is twofold: i) that in NAMA and agricultural negotiations in the Doha Round Argentina developed an active participation that has allowed the country to have influence in certain key moments of the negotiation process; and ii) that the effectiveness of this activism was influenced by the presence / absence of a strong domestic base, in combination with a permissive contextual framework for the actions of developing countries.
The launch of the Doha Round seemed to show a new beginning in the international trade relations. In this negotiation, developed countries agreed to move towards a development agenda in global trade, suggesting a change in the conditions of asymmetry in which the multilateral trading regime had been operating so far. This caused that countries, that had not been the central players in the negotiations before, generated significant levels of participation and influence in the multilateral framework. Not only the so-called emerging powers, but also a third group of states with fewer resources, began to participate actively in the negotiations. Argentina was one of these countries. It is an average sized country that despite having gone through a number of crisis and important domestic politicaleconomic transformations during the negotiations, it has had a high involvement in them, deploying an active diplomacy towards the objectives fostered by the country in the Doha agenda. Observing such behavior, this dissertation aims to answer how was Argentina's participation in the Doha Round negotiations (2001-2011)? and in particular, what factors, domestic and systemic explain the variations in the bargaining position and in the strategies of such participation, as well as the changes in the influence or efficacy achieved during that period. The research is presented as a single case study, based on the analysis of Argentina's participation in the process of the Doha Round negotiations, during the decade between 2001 and 2011. It focuses on the negotiation of industrial and agricultural goods, over four "key moments" of the negotiating process. This one is understood as a multilevel process, subject to both domestic and systemic conditions. Our hypothesis is twofold: i) that in NAMA and agricultural negotiations in the Doha Round Argentina developed an active participation that has allowed the country to have influence in certain key moments of the negotiation process; and ii) that the effectiveness of this activism was influenced by the presence / absence of a strong domestic base, in combination with a permissive contextual framework for the actions of developing countries.
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