Técnicas industriales para superar la dormición de aquenios en un híbrido comercial de girasol
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias-Universidad Nacional de Rosario
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La presencia de altos niveles de dormición en frutos de girasol constituye una
dificultad en las etapas de procesamiento e impide su utilización inmediata
como semilla, por tal motivo, resulta crucial contar con mecanismos a nivel
industrial que permitan superar anticipadamente la dormición de aquenios de
girasol. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar 3
técnicas industriales para superar anticipadamente la dormición de aquenios de
un híbrido comercial de girasol y a su vez, evaluar el costo operativo de cada
una de ellas. Para tal fin, se seleccionó un lote de producción de semilla hibrida
del material Nusol 4510 CLAO, el cual posteriormente a su cosecha fue
trasladado hasta una planta procesadora y dispuesto en 3 silos en
proporciones similares (~30000 kg) y se procedió a iniciar con los tratamientos.
Los mismos fueron; T1, aplicación de aire frio y seco (10 °C - 50 %HR) durante
los primeros 30 días de almacenamiento; T2, aplicación alternada de aire frio y
seco (10 °C - 50 %HR) con aire a condición ambiente durante los primeros 32
días de almacenamiento; T3, aplicación de aire a condición ambiente durante
los primeros 32 días de almacenamiento; T0, aquenios depositados en
contenedor big bag a condición ambiente, sin aireación. Periódicamente se
extrajeron muestras de aquenios de cada tratamiento y se enviaron a un
laboratorio de análisis de semilla para realizar poder germinativo y prueba
topográfica por tetrazolio. También se registraron datos de humedad de los
aquenios y temperatura intergranaria. A los datos obtenidos se les realizó un
análisis de regresión segmentada utilizando el Modelo de Regresión Spline
para el análisis de las variables. También se realizó análisis de la varianza para
tiempos de almacenamiento definidos y las diferencias entre las medias se
compararon con un Test de Tuckey con un nivel de significancia de 0,01. El T1
arrojo diferencias altamente significativas (p<0,01) con respecto a los demás
tratamientos logrando acortar a 37 la cantidad de días necesarios para alcanzar
85 %G Vs. los 58 y 81 días insumidos por el T2 y T3 respectivamente. Los
tratamientos T2 y T3 no arrojaron diferencias significativas entre sí. El T0 se
diferenció significativamente del resto de los tratamientos, no logrando superar
el 85 %G en el periodo que duro el ensayo. Con respecto al análisis de costo
económico se comprobó que la utilización de cualquiera de estas técnicas no
tiene impacto significativo en el valor final de la bolsa comercial. Finalmente se
concluyó que la técnica de aplicación de aire frío y seco (10 °C y 50 % HR) fue
la más eficiente para reducir la cantidad de días necesarios para superar la
dormición de los aquenios del híbrido de girasol evaluado y que el costo de su
utilización, no tiene impacto significativo en el costo final por bolsa
The presence of high level of dormancy in the sunflower fruits constitutes a difficulty in the processing stages and prevents them from the immediate utilization as seeds. For all these, it is crucial to have mechanisms at the industrial level that allow overcoming the dormancy of sunflower achenes in advance. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate three industrial techniques to overcome the dormancy of sunflower achenes of a commercial hybrid in advance, and then, evaluate the operating cost for each of them. For this purpose, a hybrid seed production plot of Nusol 4510 CLAO was selected, which was transferred to the processing plant after harvesting, and stored in three bins with the same quantity each. Then, the following treatments were applied; T1, application of cold (10 ° C) and dry (50% RH) air during the first 30 days of storage; T2, alternating application of cold (10 ° C) and dry (50% RH) air with environmental air during the first 32 days of storage; T3, application of air at environmental condition during the first 32 days of storage and T0, achenes storage in a big bag container under environmental conditions without air applied. Samples of achenes were periodically extracted from each treatment and they were sent to the seed testing laboratory to evaluate germination and make tetrazolium topographic testing. Then, the data of moisture and intergranary temperature were taken. From the data obtained, a segmented regression analysis was done; using the Spline regression model for analysis of the variables. An analysis of the variance was also done in set storage times, and the differences between the middles were compared by Tuckey test at the 0,01 level. The T1 showed high significant differences (p<0,01) in comparison to the rest of the treatments, shortening at 37 the necessary days to reach 85 %G in contrast to the 58 and 81 days needed for T2 and T3, respectively. The treatments T2 and T3 did not show significant differences between them. The T0 was significantly different concerning the others treatment, which did not reach the 85 %G during the test period. Regarding the economic cost analysis, it was found that the use of any of these techniques did not have a significant impact on the final value of the commercial bag. Finally, it was concluded that the cold and dry air application technique (10 °C and 50% RH) was the most efficient method to shorten the number of days needed to overcome the dormancy of the achenes of the sunflower hybrid evaluated, and that the cost of this technique did not have a significant impact on the final cost per bag.
The presence of high level of dormancy in the sunflower fruits constitutes a difficulty in the processing stages and prevents them from the immediate utilization as seeds. For all these, it is crucial to have mechanisms at the industrial level that allow overcoming the dormancy of sunflower achenes in advance. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate three industrial techniques to overcome the dormancy of sunflower achenes of a commercial hybrid in advance, and then, evaluate the operating cost for each of them. For this purpose, a hybrid seed production plot of Nusol 4510 CLAO was selected, which was transferred to the processing plant after harvesting, and stored in three bins with the same quantity each. Then, the following treatments were applied; T1, application of cold (10 ° C) and dry (50% RH) air during the first 30 days of storage; T2, alternating application of cold (10 ° C) and dry (50% RH) air with environmental air during the first 32 days of storage; T3, application of air at environmental condition during the first 32 days of storage and T0, achenes storage in a big bag container under environmental conditions without air applied. Samples of achenes were periodically extracted from each treatment and they were sent to the seed testing laboratory to evaluate germination and make tetrazolium topographic testing. Then, the data of moisture and intergranary temperature were taken. From the data obtained, a segmented regression analysis was done; using the Spline regression model for analysis of the variables. An analysis of the variance was also done in set storage times, and the differences between the middles were compared by Tuckey test at the 0,01 level. The T1 showed high significant differences (p<0,01) in comparison to the rest of the treatments, shortening at 37 the necessary days to reach 85 %G in contrast to the 58 and 81 days needed for T2 and T3, respectively. The treatments T2 and T3 did not show significant differences between them. The T0 was significantly different concerning the others treatment, which did not reach the 85 %G during the test period. Regarding the economic cost analysis, it was found that the use of any of these techniques did not have a significant impact on the final value of the commercial bag. Finally, it was concluded that the cold and dry air application technique (10 °C and 50% RH) was the most efficient method to shorten the number of days needed to overcome the dormancy of the achenes of the sunflower hybrid evaluated, and that the cost of this technique did not have a significant impact on the final cost per bag.
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