El régimen climático y su intersección con los bosques: Los casos de Argentina, Bolivia y Brasil respecto al mecanismo REDD+ entre 2007 y 2019
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Abstract
El cambio climático es uno de los grandes desafíos del siglo XXI. En el marco de este fenómeno
los bosques emergen como ecosistemas clave para su gestión. Por ello, frente al aumento de la
deforestación y la creciente preocupación por su vinculación con la crisis climática surgió en la
Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático el mecanismo REDD+,
orientado a la reducción de las emisiones debidas a la deforestación, degradación, gestión
sostenible, conservación y mejora de las reservas de carbono.
Si bien algunos de los países más relevantes en el proceso de negociación fueron
sudamericanos, los mismos tuvieron posiciones y avances disímiles. A partir de ello nos
preguntamos aquí ¿Por qué los países de Sudamérica tuvieron posiciones y avances divergentes
respecto al mecanismo REDD+ de la CMNUCC entre 2007 y 2019? Para responder este
interrogante nos servimos del neoinstitucionalismo y la gobernanza a partir de conceptos como
instituciones, normas, incentivos, creencias, gobernanza y participación. Metodológicamente
se trata de un estudio cualitativo que persiguió un objetivo de conocimiento explicativo a partir
del método de estudio de casos múltiple aplicado a Argentina, Bolivia y Brasil. Para el mismo
se utilizaron fuentes primarias y secundarias entre las que se incluyeron más de 25 entrevistas
a informantes clave. Asimismo, se recurrió a la triangulación intramétodo y de datos. En cuanto
a las técnicas de análisis se dio uso al análisis documental, análisis de entrevista y análisis de
discurso.
Los resultados de la investigación muestran que la divergencia en la posición y el avance frente
al mecanismo REDD+ de la CMNUCC puede explicarse producto de la incidencia de las
principales creencias, los intereses y las distintas propuestas de gobernanza.
Climate change is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. Within it, forests emerge as key ecosystems for their management. Therefore, in the face of the increase in deforestation and the growing concern about its link the with climate crisis, REDD+ mechanism emerged in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, aimed at reducing emissions due to deforestation, degradation, sustainable management, conservation and improvement of carbon stocks. Although some of the most relevant countries in the negotiation process were South American, they had dissimilar positions and progress. Based on this, we ask: Why did the South American countries have divergent positions and progress regarding the REDD plus mechanism of the UNFCCC from 2007 to 2019? To answer this question, we use neoinstitutionalism and governance as a theoretical framework, based on concepts such as institutions, norms, incentives, beliefs, governance and participation. Methodologically, it is a qualitative study that pursued an explicative objective based on a multiple case study method applied to Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. For this purpose, primary and secondary sources of information were used, including more than 25 interviews. Likewise, intramethod and data triangulation was used. The results of the research show that the divergence in the position and progress regarding the REDD plus mechanism of the UNFCCC can be explained because of the influence of the main beliefs, material interests, and governance approaches.
Climate change is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. Within it, forests emerge as key ecosystems for their management. Therefore, in the face of the increase in deforestation and the growing concern about its link the with climate crisis, REDD+ mechanism emerged in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, aimed at reducing emissions due to deforestation, degradation, sustainable management, conservation and improvement of carbon stocks. Although some of the most relevant countries in the negotiation process were South American, they had dissimilar positions and progress. Based on this, we ask: Why did the South American countries have divergent positions and progress regarding the REDD plus mechanism of the UNFCCC from 2007 to 2019? To answer this question, we use neoinstitutionalism and governance as a theoretical framework, based on concepts such as institutions, norms, incentives, beliefs, governance and participation. Methodologically, it is a qualitative study that pursued an explicative objective based on a multiple case study method applied to Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. For this purpose, primary and secondary sources of information were used, including more than 25 interviews. Likewise, intramethod and data triangulation was used. The results of the research show that the divergence in the position and progress regarding the REDD plus mechanism of the UNFCCC can be explained because of the influence of the main beliefs, material interests, and governance approaches.

