El Fondo Monetario Internacional y América Latina. Las relaciones tras la pandemia de COVID-19
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La crisis provocada por la pandemia de COVID-19, las crecientes necesidades de financiamiento y el consiguiente deterioro de las finanzas públicas de muchos países han creado un escenario propicio para el regreso del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) a América Latina después de casi una década y media de distanciamiento. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones entre la organización y la región en el contexto del coronavirus. Buscamos comprender hasta qué punto las renovadas relaciones serán el espejo de las “viejas” preferencias del FMI que han caracterizado sus intervenciones en las últimas dos décadas del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI. Primero, examinamos la postura oficial del Fondo reflejada en sus publicaciones emblemáticas. Afirmamos que la institución, en su discurso, es cada vez más permisiva con el uso del estímulo fiscal y frente al protagonismo del Estado en la resolución de crisis. Posteriormente, confrontamos la retórica del FMI con sus acciones concretas, reflejadas en la condicionalidad y las recomendaciones de política contenidas en los acuerdos firmados con los países latinoamericanos en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria. Concluimos que el enfoque ortodoxo persiste en las prácticas del FMI, pero está acompañado por crecientes cambios adaptativos.
The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the growing financing needs, and the consequent deterioration of public finances in many countries have created a propitious scenario for the return of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to Latin America after almost a decade and a half of their estrangement. This paper aims at analyzing the relationship between the organization and the region in the context of the coronavirus. We seek to understand to what extent their renewed relations will mirror the IMF’s “oldfashioned” preferences that have characterized its interventions during the last two decades of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. For this purpose, we first examine the Fund’s official position, reflected in its flagship publications. We affirm that the institution, in its discourse, is increasingly permissive with the use of fiscal stimulus and the State’s leading role in crisis resolution. Second, we confront the IMF’s rhetoric with its practices, reflected in conditionality and policy recommendations contained in specific agreements signed with Latin American countries in the context of the current crisis. We conclude that the orthodox approach persists in the IMF’s practices, but is accompanied by growing adaptive changes,
The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the growing financing needs, and the consequent deterioration of public finances in many countries have created a propitious scenario for the return of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to Latin America after almost a decade and a half of their estrangement. This paper aims at analyzing the relationship between the organization and the region in the context of the coronavirus. We seek to understand to what extent their renewed relations will mirror the IMF’s “oldfashioned” preferences that have characterized its interventions during the last two decades of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. For this purpose, we first examine the Fund’s official position, reflected in its flagship publications. We affirm that the institution, in its discourse, is increasingly permissive with the use of fiscal stimulus and the State’s leading role in crisis resolution. Second, we confront the IMF’s rhetoric with its practices, reflected in conditionality and policy recommendations contained in specific agreements signed with Latin American countries in the context of the current crisis. We conclude that the orthodox approach persists in the IMF’s practices, but is accompanied by growing adaptive changes,
