La tragedia de los comunes revisitada: de la teoría formal a las formas históricas de desposesión
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En este trabajo haremos referencia primero a la
noción de tragedia de los comunes en la óptica
de Hardin, según la cual los bienes comunes se
hallan condenados a una sobreapropiación y depredación
por parte de individuos racionales y
autointeresados. Luego, comentaremos la refutación
de la teoría de Hardin en sus propios términos
por parte de Feeny, Ostrom y otros y nos referiremos
a algunos de los modos de entender a
los comunes hoy, más allá del marco de elección
racional en el que fueran inicialmente considerados.
Posteriormente, llevaremos dicha tragedia
del plano de la teoría formal al de una teoría que
tome en cuenta las relaciones de dominación que
han hecho posible la privatización de los comunes,
revisitando la noción de acumulación originaria.
Para concluir, sostendremos que lo común
debe ser entendido como un principio de acción
política que conlleva responsabilidades y normas
ajenas a las del capitalismo neoliberal, bajo
cuyo imperio el planeta se dirige a una catástrofe
ecológica, económica y civilizatoria.
In this paper we will comment on the notion of tragedy of the commons as developed by Hardin, according to which common goods are doomed to over-appropriation and depletion by rational and self-interested individuals. Then, we will delve on the refutation of Hardin’s theory in its own terms by Feeny, Ostrom and others, and we will explore some of the ways to understand todays’ commons, beyond the framework of rational choice in which they were considered at the beginning. Later, we will take the idea of tragedy from formal theory to another one that takes into account relations of domination that made possible the privatization of the commons, revisiting the notion of primitive accumulation. To conclude, we will maintain that the common must be understood as a principle of political action that carries norms and responsibilities alien to those of neoliberal capitalism, under which rule the planet runs towards an ecological, economic and civilizational catastrophe.
In this paper we will comment on the notion of tragedy of the commons as developed by Hardin, according to which common goods are doomed to over-appropriation and depletion by rational and self-interested individuals. Then, we will delve on the refutation of Hardin’s theory in its own terms by Feeny, Ostrom and others, and we will explore some of the ways to understand todays’ commons, beyond the framework of rational choice in which they were considered at the beginning. Later, we will take the idea of tragedy from formal theory to another one that takes into account relations of domination that made possible the privatization of the commons, revisiting the notion of primitive accumulation. To conclude, we will maintain that the common must be understood as a principle of political action that carries norms and responsibilities alien to those of neoliberal capitalism, under which rule the planet runs towards an ecological, economic and civilizational catastrophe.