La Unión Europea y la crisis del Estado de derecho : construcción de un umbral mínimo de Estado de derecho
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
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Este trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que la crisis del Estado de Derecho en la
Unión Europea (UE) ha alcanzado tal gravedad que algunos de sus Estados miembros
no serían admitidos si fueran candidatos en la actualidad. Para poner a prueba esta
hipótesis, se construyó un umbral mínimo de Estado de Derecho basado en el puntaje
más bajo registrado en el Índice de Transformación BTI por un país en el momento de
su adhesión a la UE durante las ampliaciones de 2004, 2007 y 2013, es decir, luego de
la incorporación del Estado de Derecho como requisito de acceso en los Criterios de
Copenhague. Con el fin de garantizar la validez del uso de este índice, se reconstruyó la
definición de Estado de Derecho adoptada por la UE a través de documentos de la
Comisión Europea y de la Comisión de Venecia del Consejo de Europa, y se
seleccionaron aquellas variables del índice de BTI cuya operacionalización coincidía con
la de los documentos analizados. El umbral, equivalente al promedio de las seis
variables consideradas, se interpreta como el mínimo tolerable para ser admitido como
Estado miembro y estar en conformidad con las obligaciones dispuestas en los
Tratados. Una vez establecido este umbral, se contrastaron los puntajes actuales de los
Estados seleccionados, identificando aquellos que se encuentran por debajo del mismo
y corroborando así la hipótesis planteada. El instrumento propuesto se presenta como
una herramienta destinada a contribuir a la comprensión de la crisis del Estado de
Derecho en la UE.
The hypothesis of this thesis is that the Rule of Law crisis in the European Union (EU) has reached such a level of severity that some of its Member States would not be admitted if they were candidates today. To test this hypothesis, a minimum Rule of Law threshold was constructed based on the lowest score recorded in the BTI Transformation Index by a country at the time of its accession to the EU during the 2004, 2007, and 2013 enlargements—that is, after the rule of law had been established as an accession requirement under the Copenhagen Criteria. In order to ensure the validity of using this index, the EU’s definition of the Rule of Law was reconstructed using documents from the European Commission and the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe. Subsequently, only those variables of index whose operationalization aligned with the reviewed documents were selected. The threshold, equivalent to the average of the six selected variables, is interpreted as the minimum acceptable level to be admitted as a Member State and to comply with the obligations established in the Treaties. Once the threshold was established, the current scores of selected Member States were compared against it, identifying those that fall below and thus confirming the proposed hypothesis. The instrument is presented as a tool to contribute to the understanding of the ongoing Rule of Law crisis within the EU.
The hypothesis of this thesis is that the Rule of Law crisis in the European Union (EU) has reached such a level of severity that some of its Member States would not be admitted if they were candidates today. To test this hypothesis, a minimum Rule of Law threshold was constructed based on the lowest score recorded in the BTI Transformation Index by a country at the time of its accession to the EU during the 2004, 2007, and 2013 enlargements—that is, after the rule of law had been established as an accession requirement under the Copenhagen Criteria. In order to ensure the validity of using this index, the EU’s definition of the Rule of Law was reconstructed using documents from the European Commission and the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe. Subsequently, only those variables of index whose operationalization aligned with the reviewed documents were selected. The threshold, equivalent to the average of the six selected variables, is interpreted as the minimum acceptable level to be admitted as a Member State and to comply with the obligations established in the Treaties. Once the threshold was established, the current scores of selected Member States were compared against it, identifying those that fall below and thus confirming the proposed hypothesis. The instrument is presented as a tool to contribute to the understanding of the ongoing Rule of Law crisis within the EU.
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