El continuum conflicto-cooperación en las relaciones brasileño-paraguayas en torno a la Represa de Itaipú (2003-2022)
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
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La hidroelectricidad se ha tornado fundamental en un contexto de crecientes demandas
energéticas y compromisos ambientales, dado su carácter de ser la principal fuente limpia de energía
eléctrica. Su aprovechamiento, especialmente cuando se trata de cursos de agua transfronterizos,
plantea desafíos y oportunidades que suelen requerir la gestión conjunta entre naciones. En 1973,
Brasil y Paraguay firmaron el Tratado de Itaipu , la piedra jurídica que dio forma institucional a Itaipu
Binacional, la entidad administradora y reguladora de la Represa homónima. Este no se trata
simplemente de un asunto energético o técnico, sino de un tema central en la agenda bilateral que ha
estado marcado tanto por momentos de encuentros como de desencuentros. Por ello, el objetivo de
este trabajo es analizar el continuum conflicto-cooperación en las relaciones brasileño-paraguayas
en torno a la Represa de Itaipu y la energía producida por la misma en el período 2003 -2022.
Consecuentemente, y para cumplirlo, se buscara dar cuenta de los hitos y sucesos relevantes en las
relaciones brasileño-paraguayas alrededor de la represa de Itaipu en el periodo 2003-2022,
identificar los planteos y demandas de las partes en torno a la Represa de Itaipu y la energía que esta
produce y, por último, desarrollar la influencia de las agendas exteriores de las partes y su
repercusión en el abordaje de la cuestión. La hipo tesis sobre la que versa el trabajo establece que,
dentro del continuum conflicto-cooperación de la relación bilateral brasileño-paraguaya en el marco
de Itaipu , prevaleció la faceta cooperativa en el período 2003-2022, superándose los elementos de
incompatibilidad de intereses. A la luz de los objetos analizados, dicha hipo tesis ha sido confirmada
Hydroelectricity has become as a fundamental resource within a global context of escalating energy demands and critical environmental commitments, primarily due to its stature as the leading clean source of electrical energy. Its utilization, particularly when involving transboundary waterways, presents a confluence of challenges and opportunities that frequently necessitate joint management among sovereign nations. In 1973, Brazil and Paraguay formalized the Treaty of Itaipu, the legal instrument that institutionally established Itaipu Binacional, the bilateral entity charged with the administration and regulation of the eponymous Dam. This matter extends beyond mere energetic or technical considerations; it constitutes a central issue on the bilateral agenda, historically characterized by periods of both harmonious cooperation and significant discord. Consequently, the primary objective of this paper is to analyze the conflict-cooperation continuum inherent in BrazilianParaguayan relations concerning the Itaipu Dam and the energy it generates, specifically spanning the period from 2003 to 2022. To fulfill this objective, the research will systematically account for the relevant milestones and significant events in Brazilian-Paraguayan relations pertaining to the Itaipu Dam during the aforementioned period. Furthermore, it will identify the proposals and demands articulated by both parties regarding the Itaipu Dam and its energy output. Finally, the analysis will develop the influence of the external agendas of both nations and their subsequent repercussions on the approach to this complex issue. The central hypothesis underpinning this work posits that, within the overarching conflict-cooperation continuum of the bilateral relationship between Brazil and Paraguay in the framework of Itaipu, the cooperative dimension largely prevailed throughout the 2003-2022 period, overcoming the elements of conflicting interests. In light of the analyzed empirical data, this hypothesis has been conclusively confirmed.
Hydroelectricity has become as a fundamental resource within a global context of escalating energy demands and critical environmental commitments, primarily due to its stature as the leading clean source of electrical energy. Its utilization, particularly when involving transboundary waterways, presents a confluence of challenges and opportunities that frequently necessitate joint management among sovereign nations. In 1973, Brazil and Paraguay formalized the Treaty of Itaipu, the legal instrument that institutionally established Itaipu Binacional, the bilateral entity charged with the administration and regulation of the eponymous Dam. This matter extends beyond mere energetic or technical considerations; it constitutes a central issue on the bilateral agenda, historically characterized by periods of both harmonious cooperation and significant discord. Consequently, the primary objective of this paper is to analyze the conflict-cooperation continuum inherent in BrazilianParaguayan relations concerning the Itaipu Dam and the energy it generates, specifically spanning the period from 2003 to 2022. To fulfill this objective, the research will systematically account for the relevant milestones and significant events in Brazilian-Paraguayan relations pertaining to the Itaipu Dam during the aforementioned period. Furthermore, it will identify the proposals and demands articulated by both parties regarding the Itaipu Dam and its energy output. Finally, the analysis will develop the influence of the external agendas of both nations and their subsequent repercussions on the approach to this complex issue. The central hypothesis underpinning this work posits that, within the overarching conflict-cooperation continuum of the bilateral relationship between Brazil and Paraguay in the framework of Itaipu, the cooperative dimension largely prevailed throughout the 2003-2022 period, overcoming the elements of conflicting interests. In light of the analyzed empirical data, this hypothesis has been conclusively confirmed.
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