Trabajo Social en la historia de Chile : acontecimientos e ideologías (1880-1945)
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
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La presente tesis doctoral indaga en los acontecimientos políticos,
económicos, culturales y en las configuraciones ideológicas que gestaron la
formación profesional y universitaria en Trabajo Social en Chile entre los años 1880
y1945.
La interpretación se realizó mediante una perspectiva historiográficadialéctica,
vinculando la historia como disciplina, con el Trabajo Social y las
categorías filosóficas de acontecimiento e ideología.
Se analizó el campo documental, interpretando los discursos y las prácticas
asociadas a las categorías de trabajo, deconstruyéndolas para comprender la
configuración de los primeros dispositivos de formación profesional del Trabajo
Social en Chile.
Se interpretaron y articularon rizomáticamente acontecimientos como: la
cuestión social-colonial; la emergencia del higienismo positivista; la revuelta o
movimiento popular; los antagonismos-alianzas políticas-ideológicas entre
movimientos sociales y partidos políticos; entre otros. Todos ellos, condicionando
inestabilidades y continuidades del ordenamiento de la formación económico-social
y de la intervención del Estado a través de sus aparatos ideológicos, entre ellos el
Trabajo Social.
Desde la categoría de ideología, se analizaron las primeras escuelas de
Trabajo Social, identificando en presencia, extensión, movilidad e intensidad,
diferentes configuraciones ideológicas que entraron en pugna y contradicción en la
formación y en las prácticas profesionales.
La investigación obligó a escoger, a preferir, a excluir, a dejar caer, para
responder al llamado de lo precedente, develando lo indecible del legado del campo
documental, adentrándose en la herencia de la disciplina desde una deconstrucción
contemporánea, revisitando y repensando el Trabajo Social para proyectar su porvenir.
The present doctoral thesis investigates the political, economic, cultural events, as well as the ideological configurations that created the professional and university training in Social Work in Chile between 1880 and 1945. The interpretation was made through a dialectical historiographic perspective, linking history as a discipline, with Social Work and the philosophical categories of event and ideology. The documentary field was analyzed, with the interpretation of speeches and practices, thus deconstructing the categories that formed the first vocational training devices of Social Work in Chile. The following events were interpreted and articulated through the rhizomatic theory: the social-colonial question; the emergence of positivist hygienism; the revolt or popular movement; antagonisms, political-ideological alliances between social movements and political parties; among others. All of them gave rise to instabilities and continuities of the State system and its intervention through its ideological apparatuses, including Social Work. Under the category of ideology, the first schools of Social Work were analyzed, identifying in presence, extension, mobility and intensity, different ideological configurations that came into conflict and contradiction in training and professional practices. The investigation forced us to choose, to prefer, to exclude, to drop, to respond and unveil the unspeakable legacy of the documentary field. The above to enter the heritage of the discipline from a contemporary deconstruction, revising and rethinking Social Work to project its coming.
The present doctoral thesis investigates the political, economic, cultural events, as well as the ideological configurations that created the professional and university training in Social Work in Chile between 1880 and 1945. The interpretation was made through a dialectical historiographic perspective, linking history as a discipline, with Social Work and the philosophical categories of event and ideology. The documentary field was analyzed, with the interpretation of speeches and practices, thus deconstructing the categories that formed the first vocational training devices of Social Work in Chile. The following events were interpreted and articulated through the rhizomatic theory: the social-colonial question; the emergence of positivist hygienism; the revolt or popular movement; antagonisms, political-ideological alliances between social movements and political parties; among others. All of them gave rise to instabilities and continuities of the State system and its intervention through its ideological apparatuses, including Social Work. Under the category of ideology, the first schools of Social Work were analyzed, identifying in presence, extension, mobility and intensity, different ideological configurations that came into conflict and contradiction in training and professional practices. The investigation forced us to choose, to prefer, to exclude, to drop, to respond and unveil the unspeakable legacy of the documentary field. The above to enter the heritage of the discipline from a contemporary deconstruction, revising and rethinking Social Work to project its coming.
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