Capital simbólico en la política colombiana como instrumento de comunicación de la cultura ciudadana : el caso Antanas Mockus
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2018-05-31
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Resumen
Esta tesis indaga acerca del capital simbólico puesto en juego en las construcciones
discursivas del campo político, a partir del caso de Antanas Mockus, alcalde de Bogotá
(Colombia, entre 1995 y 2002), un actor político que supo construir un capital simbólico
mediante prácticas comunicacionales que tuvieron como eje central el desarrollo y aplicación
del concepto de cultura ciudadana, fundado su ejercicio en actos performativos y
pedagógicos.
Se realiza una lectura del campo político colombiano en clave comunicacional y,
puntualmente, discursiva, donde se sostiene un argumento central: en un escenario de
disputas, tensiones, consensos y disensos como es el político, el capital simbólico (asumido
según los postulados de Pierre Bourdieu) viene a configurarse como herramienta sustancial
de dicha construcción política, lo cual se evidencia tanto en los discursos de Mockus como en
los de la prensa.
El corpus investigativo confronta los discursos del personaje con los de la prensa en
cuatro momentos específicos de su temprana carrera política cuando fue alcalde de Bogotá: el
discurso de posesión, el plan de gobierno, la renuncia y la petición de perdón por renunciar.
También se indaga sobre los orígenes de su capital simbólico. La metodología empleada
plantea una investigación de enfoque cualitativo desarrollado en el nivel descriptivo
interpretativo, de corte hermenéutico. Los resultados apuntan a dejar en evidencia que el
capital simbólico viene a configurarse como herramienta sustancial de una construcción
política y puede ser un modo de ejercer la comunicación política cuando se apoya, entre otros
factores, en el prestigio, los títulos y la validación académica y el reconocimiento que unos
agentes hacen de ello.
This thesis inquires about the symbolic capital put into play in the discursive constructions of the political field, starting from the case of Antanas Mockus, mayor of Bogota (Colombia, between 1995 and 2002), a political actor who knew how to construct a symbolic capital through communicational practices Which had as central axis the development and application of the concept of citizen culture, founded its exercise in performative and pedagogical acts. A reading of the Colombian political field is carried out in a communicational way and, punctually, discursive key, where a central argument is sustained: in a scenario of disputes, tensions, consensuses and dissensions as is the political, symbolic capital (assumed according to the postulates of Pierre Bourdieu) comes to be configured as a substantial tool of such political construction, which is evident both in the Mockus speeches and in the press. The investigative corpus confronts the speeches of the character with those of the press in four specific moments of his early political career when he was mayor of Bogota: the speech of possession, the plan of government, the resignation and the request for forgiveness for resigning. The methodology used presents a qualitative research developed at the descriptive interpretive level, with a hermeneutical section. The results point to the fact that symbolic capital comes to be a substantial tool of a political construction and can be a way of exercising political communication when it is supported, among other factors, in the prestige, the academic titles and the recognition that some agents do it.
This thesis inquires about the symbolic capital put into play in the discursive constructions of the political field, starting from the case of Antanas Mockus, mayor of Bogota (Colombia, between 1995 and 2002), a political actor who knew how to construct a symbolic capital through communicational practices Which had as central axis the development and application of the concept of citizen culture, founded its exercise in performative and pedagogical acts. A reading of the Colombian political field is carried out in a communicational way and, punctually, discursive key, where a central argument is sustained: in a scenario of disputes, tensions, consensuses and dissensions as is the political, symbolic capital (assumed according to the postulates of Pierre Bourdieu) comes to be configured as a substantial tool of such political construction, which is evident both in the Mockus speeches and in the press. The investigative corpus confronts the speeches of the character with those of the press in four specific moments of his early political career when he was mayor of Bogota: the speech of possession, the plan of government, the resignation and the request for forgiveness for resigning. The methodology used presents a qualitative research developed at the descriptive interpretive level, with a hermeneutical section. The results point to the fact that symbolic capital comes to be a substantial tool of a political construction and can be a way of exercising political communication when it is supported, among other factors, in the prestige, the academic titles and the recognition that some agents do it.
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Política, Colombia, Capital simbólico, Cultura ciudadana, Mockus, Antanas, Comunicación