CIUNR - Ciencias Naturales (Cs. Agrarias - Cs. Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Cs. Médicas - Cs. Veterinarias - Odontología)
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Lovastatin enhances in vitro radiation-induced apoptosis of rat B-cell lymphoma cells(BioMed Central; "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Italy, 1905-06-27) Rozados, Viviana R.; Hinrichsen, Lucila Isabel; McDonnel, José; Scharovsky, O. GracielaOur previous demonstration of an antimetastatic effect of lovastatin, both in rat sarcoma and lymphoma tumor-models, as well as the fact that lovastatin and radiation are able to stop the cell cycle in different phases, suggested the feasibility of a combined treatment. We studied the effect of the in vitro combined treatment of a B-cell rat lymphoma (L-TACB) with lovastatin and irradiation. The results herein obtained provide new information about the role of statins as radiosensitizers. The antitumor effect of the combined treatment was higher than that elicited by either treatment alone. This effect could be a consequence, at least in part, of an enhanced apoptosis.Ítem Acceso Abierto Efectos de agonistas GABaérgicos y benzodiazepinas sobre la función renal(Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, 1998-10-14) Monasterolo, Liliana Alicia; Elías, María Mónica E.La utilidad terapéutica de distintas drogas GABAérgicas, de las benzodiazepinas clásicas y de la benzodiazepina antagónista, flumazenil, se debe a las acciones de estos agentes a nivel del sistema nervioso central . Sin embargo, las evidencias acumuladas en los últimos años de la relevancia del sistema GABAérgico y de los receptores a benzodiazepinas en la periferia han ampliado las perspectivas clínicas de estos agentes. El objetivo planteado en el presente trabajo fue caracterizar los efectos de agonistas GABAérgicos y benzodiazepinas sobre la función renal; y evaluar posibles mecanismos involucrados. Los experimentos se realizaron con ratas Wistar adultas. La función renal se evaluó mediante técnicas de clearance, en el animal intacto sometido a infusión continua o en el modelo de riñón aislado y perfundido. Los parámetros funcionales estudiados en los experimentos in vivo fueron: clearance de PAH, como índice de flujo plasmático renal; velocidad de filtración glomerular, estimada a partir del clearance de inulina …Ítem Acceso Abierto El género Brucella y su interacción con el sistema mononuclear fagocítico(Facultad de Veterinaria y Zootecnia-UNAM, 2001-04) Arestegui, Mirta B.; Gualtieri S., Catalina; Domínguez, Javier; Scharovsky, O. GracielaNon-specific resistance is a fundamental component of the host immune response. The mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) is part of innate resistance effector mechanisms, and is involved in several homeostatic, inflammatory and immunologic events. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), which are cells belonging to the MPS, play a central role in the main functions of multicellular organisms. Its early interaction with pathogens determines the evolution of the infection. Bacteria, which can resist intracellular death, survive and multiply within the cells of the MPS, are considered endocellular parasites. Brucella genus that infects humans as well as several animal species is an endocellular pathogen. The vast majority of these microorganisms includes mechanisms genetically coded that enable them to invade and to survive within the host cells. In the present review, characteristics of Brucella genus are described; special reference is dedicated to its antigenic composition, virulence factors, as well as its genomic structure and the control of gene expression. Interaction between MPS and Brucella spp, and the effector mechanisms of MNP, mainly, plus the generation of oxygen and nitrogen radicals, the limitation in iron availability and cytokine production are analyzed. The control of infection is explained by cell mediated immunity and the phenomena of natural resistance is also taken into consideration.Ítem Acceso Abierto Programa de acreditación de servicios de farmacias hospitalarias(Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, 2001-04-23) Traverso, María Luz; Nadalin, María Elsa; Matínez, María NelidaCalidad en el cuidado de la salud ha sido definida como "el grado en que los servicios de salud brindados al paciente incrementan la probabilidad de obtener los resultados deseados y reducen la probabilidad de resultados no deseados, dentro de un nivel de conocimiento dado. Siendo determinada por muchos comp0onentes, entre ellos accesibilidad, adecuación, continuidad, eficacia, efectividad, eficiencia, perspectivas del paciente, inocuidad y oportunidad de la asistencia". La Acreditación de Establecimientos Asistenciales es de amplia aplicación en los países que cuentan con un Sistema de Salud organizado, ya que permite evaluar los servicios de salud, promover un incremento en la calidad de la atención médica y la planificación en salud. En lo referente al Servicio de Farmacia Institucional, en nuestro país la evaluación propuesta hasta el momento es muy limitada, no siendo consideradas las múltiples actividades que se desarrollan, no permitiendo así un análisis completo del servicio; ni tampoco se han desarrollado medidas que sean comparables y válidas para poder evaluar la calidad del servicio prestado…Ítem Acceso Abierto Terapia génica: el desafío terapéutico del siglo XXI(Círculo Médico de Rosario (Argentina), 2001-07) Scharovsky, O. GracielaLa terapia génica es una forma de medicina molecular que probablemente tendrá un gran impacto en la salud humana a lo largo del siglo XXI. Tiene como objetivo modificar o reparar una alteración genética adquirida, corregir un error génico de nacimiento o dotar a una célula con una nueva función. Los avances recientes de la Biología Molecular y de la tecnología del ADN recombinante han hecho posible el desarrollo de este tipo de enfoque terapéutico. Esta novedosa metodología puede llegar a tener profundas implicancias en la forma en que se traten las enfermedades en el futuro. Se describen los distintos tipos de terapia génica que se están desarrollando en la actualidad, los requisitos que se deben cumplir para poder aplicarlos eficientemente, las desventajas de cada método, los genes más comúnmente transducidos y sus vías de administración. También se analizan las patologías hereditarias o adquiridas que son susceptibles de ser tratadas con terapia génica, tales como enfermedades neoplásicas, infecciosas, del sistema inmune o que afectan a diferentes órganos, así como las distintas estrategias implementadas para llevarla a cabo.Ítem Acceso Abierto Differential production of angiostatin by concomitant antitumoral resistance-inducing cancer cells(Wiley, 2002-05-02) Binda, María Mercedes; Matar, Pablo; González, Alejandro D.; Rozados, Viviana R.; Gervasoni, Silvia I.; Scharovsky, O. Graciela; Bonfil, R. DanielThe phenomenon by which tumor-bearing hosts are capable of inhibiting secondary tumor implants or metastases, known as concomitant antitumoral resistance (CAR), is presumably due to antiangiogenesis at places distant from the primary tumor. Although angiostatin, a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, has been reported to be one of the factors responsible for suppressing the growth of secondary tumors in mice bearing previous tumors, it has not been definitively proven yet. With the aim of investigating whether CAR-inducing cancer cells display a differential angiostatin production and to support the role ascribed to that molecule concerning the inhibition of secondary tumor implants, 5 tumor models with different CAR-inducing capacities were studied herein. One of the 2 human lung cancer cell lines analyzed revealed a strong CAR against secondary s.c. tumor implants in nude mice, and 2 of 3 of the murine mammary tumors used exhibited inhibitory effect on secondary s.c. and i.v. tumor inoculations in syngeneic hosts. Since angiostatin is a proteolytic fragment from plasminogen, we examined by Western blot the ability of all conditioned media collected from the tumor cells studied to convert plasminogen to angiostatin. An association between in vivo generation of CAR and in vitro conversion of plasminogen into angiostatin was found. Since different enzymatic mechanisms were described to explain the generation of angiostatin, we also studied gelatinase and urokinase-type plasminogen activator secretion in conditioned media by zymography. The conversion of plasminogen into angiostatin by conditioned media was mainly inhibited by broad-spectrum serine proteinase inhibitors, suggesting a possible role for 1 or more enzymes of that group in the process. These findings suggest the existence of a differential angiostatin generation by CAR-inducing cancer cells, providing additional support to previous data obtained by other authors.Ítem Acceso Abierto Hsp25 and Hsp70 in rodent tumors treated with doxorubicin and lovastatin(Springer, 2003-01) Ciocca, Daniel R.; Rozados, Viviana R.; Cuello Carrión, F. Darío; Gervasoni, Silvia I.; Matar, Pablo; Scharovsky, O. GracielaHeat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and Hsp70 have been involved in resistance to anticancer drugs in human breast cancer cells growing in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we examined the expression of Hsp25 (the rodent homologue to human Hsp27) and Hsp70 in 3 different rodent tumors (a mouse breast carcinoma, a rat sarcoma, and a rat lymphoma maintained by subcutaneous passages) treated in vivo with doxorubicin (DOX) and lovastatin (LOV). All tumors showed massive cell death under control untreated conditions, and this massive death increased after cytotoxic drug administration. In this study, we show that this death was due to classic apoptosis. The tumors also showed isolated apoptotic cells between viable tumor cells, and this occurred more significantly in the lymphoma. The tumor type that was more resistant to cell death was the sarcoma, and this was found in sarcomas growing both under control conditions and after cytotoxic drug administration. Moreover, sarcomas showed the highest expression levels of Hsp25 in the viable tumor cells growing under untreated conditions, and these levels increased after DOX and LOV administration. After drug treatment, only sarcoma tumor cells showed a significant increase in Hsp70. In other words, sarcomas were the tumors with lower cell death, displayed a competent Hsp70 and Hsp25 response with nuclear translocation, and had the highest levels of Hsp25. In sarcomas, Hsp25 and Hsp70 were found in viable tumor cells located around the blood vessels, and these areas showed the most resistant tumor cell phenotype after chemotherapy. In addition, Hsp25 expression was found in endothelial cells as unique feature revealed only in lymphomas. In conclusion, our study shows that each tumor type has unique features regarding the expression of Hsp25 and Hsp70 and that these proteins seem to be implicated in drug resistance mainly in sarcomas, making these model systems important to perform more mechanistic studies on the role of Hsps in resistance to certain cytotoxic drugs.Ítem Acceso Abierto Metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide induces rat lymphoma and sarcoma regression, and is devoid of toxicity(Oxford University Press, 2004-10) Rozados, Viviana R.; Sánchez, Andrea M.; Gervasoni, Silvia I.; Berra, Héctor H.; Matar, Pablo; Scharovsky, O. GracielaBACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of metronomic administration of low-dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) in lymphoma and sarcoma rat tumour models. METHODS: Adult inbred rats were challenged with lymphoma TACB and sarcoma E100 s.c. on day 0. Animals were divided into two groups: group I, control, injected with saline three times a week; and group II, treated with Cy 10 mg/kg three times a week, from day 10 until the tumour was non-palpable, or 5 mg/kg three times a week from day 7. Tumours were measured and animals were weighed twice weekly. Periodic blood samples were taken for determination of urea, creatinine, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and haematological parameters. RESULTS: The administration of low-dose Cy eradicated established rat lymphomas and sarcomas; there was neither metastatic growth nor recurrence at primary sites for 100% of the lymphomas and 83% of the sarcomas. In addition, the treatment did not cause weight loss, and was devoid of haematological, cardiac, hepatic and renal toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Metronomic administration of Cy at low doses on a thrice weekly schedule to already grown rat lymphomas and sarcomas demonstrated itself to be a successful antitumour therapy that did not cause weight loss and was devoid of haematological, cardiac, hepatic and renal toxicity.Ítem Acceso Abierto De la inmunovigilancia al escape tumoral: Historia de un enemigo con múltiples estrategias de resistencia y contra-ataque(Sociedad Española de Inmunología, 2006-04) Scharovsky, O. Graciela; Matar, Pablo; Zacarías Fluck, Mariano; Rico, María José; Rabinovich, Gabriel A.Tumors must circumvent the immune response of the host to become clinically detectable. For this purpose, malignant cells have devised multiple strategies to thwart immune attack. These mechanisms are suggested to conspire in advanced stages of cancer to limit the ability of the immune system to restrain the tumor and the effectiveness of immunotherapy strategies to successfully eradicate malignant cells. From tumor biology to cancer immunotherapy and back again, we will summarize here some of the most important mechanisms used by tumors to evade the immune response and their potential impact in the design of cancer immunotherapy strategies.Ítem Acceso Abierto Paradoxical antiproliferative effect by a murine mammary tumor-derived epithelial cell line(BioMed Central, 2007-10-01) Gurzov, Esteban N.; Nabha, Sanaa M.; Yamamoto, Hamilto; Meng, Hong; Scharovsky, O. Graciela; Bonfil, R. DanielBackground Despite significant advancement in breast cancer therapy, there is a great need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in breast carcinogenesis and progression, as well as of the role of epigenetic contributions from stromal cells in mammary tumorigenesis. In this study, we isolated and characterized murine mammary tumor-derived epithelial and myofibroblast cell lines, and investigated the in vitro and in vivo effect of cellular soluble factors produced by the epithelial cell line on tumor cells. Methods Morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity of epithelial (LM-234ep) and myofibroblast (LM-234mf) cell lines isolated from two murine mammary adenocarcinomas with common ancestor were studied. The in vitro effects of LM-234ep conditioned medium on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and expression of cell cycle proteins, were investigated in LM-234mf cells, mouse melanoma cells (B16-F10), and human cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa). The in vivo anti-tumor activity of LM-234ep conditioned media was evaluated in subcutaneous tumors formed in nude mice by B16-F10 and HeLa cells. Results LM-234ep cells were found to be cytokeratin positive and hipertriploid, whereas LM-234mf cells were α-smooth muscle actin positive and hypohexaploid. Chromosome aberrations were found in both cases. Only LM-234mf revealed to be invasive in vitro and to secrete active MMP-2, though neither of the cell types were able to produce progressing tumors. LM-234ep-derived factors were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of LM-234mf, B16-F10, and HeLa cells, inducing cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. The administration of LM-234ep conditioned medium inhibited the growth of B16-F10 and HeLa tumors in nude mice. Conclusion Our data suggest the existence of epithelial cell variants with tumor suppressive properties within mammary tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities induced by tumor-derived epithelial cells.Ítem Acceso Abierto Assembling Amperometric Biosensors for Clinical Diagnostics(2008-02) Belluzo, María Soledad; Ribone, María Élida; Lagier, Claudia MarinaClinical diagnosis and disease prevention routinely require the assessment ofspecies determined by chemical analysis. Biosensor technology offers several benefits overconventional diagnostic analysis. They include simplicity of use, specificity for the targetanalyte, speed to arise to a result, capability for continuous monitoring and multiplexing,together with the potentiality of coupling to low-cost, portable instrumentation. This workfocuses on the basic lines of decisions when designing electron-transfer-based biosensorsfor clinical analysis, with emphasis on the strategies currently used to improve the deviceperformance, the present status of amperometric electrodes for biomedicine, and the trendsand challenges envisaged for the near future.Ítem Acceso Abierto Lovastatin enhances the antitumoral and apoptotic activity of doxorubicin in murine tumor models(Spandidos (Grecia), 2008-05) Rozados, Viviana R.; Hinrichsen, Lucila Isabel; Binda, María Mercedes; Gervasoni, Silvia I.; Matar, Pablo; Bonfil, Daniel R.; Scharovsky, O. GracielaDespite its effectiveness as an antineoplastic drug, doxorubicin (DOX) is usually associated with cardiotoxicity. Lovastatin (LOV), a hypolipidemic agent used in the clinic, has been demonstrated to have antitumoral and antimetastatic effects in murine models. Since the two agents arrest tumor cells in different phases of the cell cycle and induce apoptosis, the goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of a combination therapy with LOV and low doses of DOX, in an attempt to obtain an improved antitumoral effect devoid of toxicity, by using a rat B-cell lymphoma and a mouse mammary tumor. In the two models, the combined treatment showed a synergistic antitumoral effect, which is mainly ascribed to an increased apoptotic response elicited by a LOV/DOX combination than either agent alone. The therapeutic benefit demonstrated by the combination treatment is further emphasized by the lack of toxicity.Ítem Acceso Abierto Metronomic chemotherapy: changing the paradigm that more is better(Multimed Inc., 2009-03) Scharovsky, O. Graciela; Mainetti, Leandro Ernesto; Rozados, Viviana R.The introduction of the “maximum tolerated dose” in usual treatment protocols (and its concomitant overt toxicity) made necessary the imposition of rest periods between cycles of therapy—a practice that not only involves re-growth of tumour cells, but also growth of selected clones resistant to the therapy. To avoid the problems caused by traditional chemotherapeutic regimens, a new modality of drug administration called “metronomic chemotherapy” has been proposed. This name makes reference to the chronic, equally spaced administration of (generally) low doses of various chemotherapeutic drugs without extended rest periods. The novelty of this treatment modality lies not only in its antitumour efficacy with very low toxicity, but also in a cell target switch, now aiming at tumour endothelial cells. The knowledge acquired in the experimental field of metronomic chemotherapy, plus the increasing experience that is being obtained in the clinical setting, will help to lead a change in the design of therapeutic protocols against cancer.Ítem Acceso Abierto Immunotherapy for liver tumors: present status and future prospects(BioMed Central, 2009-03-06) Matar, Pablo; Alaniz, Laura; Rozados, Viviana R.; Aquino, Jorge B.; Malvicini, Mariana; Atorrasagasti, Catalina; Gidekel, Manuel; Silva, Marcelo; Scharovsky, O. Graciela; Mazzolini, GuillermoIncreasing evidence suggests that immune responses are involved in the control of cancer and that the immune system can be manipulated in different ways to recognize and attack tumors. Progress in immune-based strategies has opened new therapeutic avenues using a number of techniques destined to eliminate malignant cells. In the present review, we overview current knowledge on the importance, successes and difficulties of immunotherapy in liver tumors, including preclinical data available in animal models and information from clinical trials carried out during the lasts years. This review shows that new options for the treatment of advanced liver tumors are urgently needed and that there is a ground for future advances in the field.Ítem Acceso Abierto Short treatment with the tumour necrosis factor-α blocker infliximab diminishes chronic chagasic myocarditis in rats without evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi reactivation(British Society for Immunology, 2009-08) Pérez, Ana Rosa; Fontenella, Germán Héctor; Nocito, Ana Lía; Revelli, Silvia; Bottasso, OscarÍtem Acceso Abierto A Novel Synergistic Combination of Cyclophosphamide and Gene Transfer of Interleukin-12 Eradicates Colorectal Carcinoma in Mice(American Association for Cancer Research, 2009-11) Malvicini, Mariana; Rizzo, Miguel; Alaniz, Laura; Piñero, Federico; García, Mariana; Atorrasagasti, Catalina; Aquino, Jorge B.; Rozados, Viviana R.; Scharovsky, O. Graciela; Matar, Pablo; Mazzolini, GuillermoPURPOSE: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an immunostimulatory cytokine with potent antitumor effects in several animal models. However, serious toxicity has been associated with its systemic application in humans. Gene transfer has emerged as a tool to specifically express therapeutic genes into the tumor/peritumoral milieu, thus avoiding systemic toxicity. The aim of this study was to analyze whether subtherapeutic doses of an adenovirus encoding IL-12 (AdIL-12) might synergize with low immunopotentiating doses of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The antitumor effect of combining a single low dose of cyclophosphamide with an intratumoral injection of AdIL-12 was evaluated in an in vivo murine colorectal carcinoma model. The immune responses achieved with different treatments were monitored, comparing the effect of combining both therapies with individual treatments. RESULTS: The combined therapy induced a complete tumor regression in >50% of mice in a synergistic fashion, and it significantly prolonged their survival. This strategy was superior to each single treatment in reducing both peripheral and splenic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, increasing the number of activated dendritic cells, and inducing IFN-gamma-secreting CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Importantly, the combined treatment generated a powerful tumor-specific CTL response. Consistently, a significant reduction in IL-10 levels was found. Our data suggest that the combination of nontoxic doses of cyclophosphamide with AdIL-12 allows the generation of good antitumoral responses, thus avoiding undesired side effects of both agents. CONCLUSIONS: Our data strongly support the use of a combination of cyclophosphamide and AdIL-12 as a novel therapeutic strategy against colorectal carcinoma.Ítem Acceso Abierto Empleo de un modelo murino original de Argentina en la caracterización de fenotipos complejos(Sociedad Argentina de Genética, 2010-07) Hinrichsen, Lucila Isabel; Di Masso, Ricardo JoséÍtem Acceso Abierto The Immune Response and the Therapeutic Effect of Metronomic Chemotherapy With Cyclophosphamide(Cognizant Communication Corporation, 2010-11-01) Rozados, Viviana R.; Mainetti, Leandro Ernesto; Rico, María José; Zacarías Fluck, Mariano; Matar, Pablo; Scharovsky, O. GracielaMetronomic chemotherapy (MCT) is a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment endowed with an antiangiogenic effect. It refers to regular administration of low doses of cytotoxic drugs, with minimal or no drug-free breaks. Previously, we demonstrated the immunomodulating activity of a single low-dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) and the antitumor effect of MCT with Cy on established rat lymphomas and sarcomas. Here, we examined whether the immune response is responsible for the antitumor effect of MCT with Cy on L-TACB lymphoma. Inbred e rats and nude mice were subcutaneously challenged with L-TACB. After 7 days, they were distributed into two experimental groups: 1) treated animals, which were injected IP with Cy (10 mg/kg body weight) three times per week, and 2) control animals, which received IP saline injections. Exponential growth and decay and tumor doubling time were calculated. Also, serum IL-10 levels were measured. One hundred percent of treated rats showed tumor regression versus 0% of control rats. The increase of tumor-induced IL-10 levels was reverted by the treatment with Cy. On the other hand, there were no tumor regressions, in treated or control nude mice. However, the tumor doubling times of treated nude mice were significantly higher than those of control mice, implying that other antitumor mechanism(s), independent of the adaptive immune response, might be taking place. Our present results indicate that modulation of the immune response would be involved in the antitumor effect of MCT with Cy, because the absence of the specific immune response impairs, at least in part, its therapeutic effect in a lymphoma tumor model.Ítem Acceso Abierto Preparation of monospecific anti-PAG antibodies for cattle pregnancy detection: use of synthetic peptides to improve specificity(SciRP, 2011-02) Ruiz Álvarez, Jimena Inés; Teijeiro, Juan Manuel; Marini, Patricia EstelaÍtem Acceso Abierto Prevalence of Malassezia species in patients with pityriasis versicolor in Rosario, Argentina(Elsevier España, 2011-03-17) Ramadán, Silvana; Sortino, Maximiliano Andrés ; Bulacio, Lucía; Marozzi, María Laura; López, Clara; Ramos, LauraBackground Malassezia species are considered opportunistic yeasts of increasing clinical importance. These lipophilic yeasts are associated with various human diseases, especially pityriasis versicolor (PV), a chronic superficial scaling dermatomycosis. Aims The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and analyze the distribution of the different species of Malassezia in patients with PV in Rosario city (Argentina). Methods A total of 264 clinical samples were studied. Isolates were identified on the basis of microscopic observation of cells, and physiological properties, such as the presence of catalase, ability to use Tween compounds, splitting of esculin, and morphology, color and precipitate production on chromogenic agar CHROMagar-Malassezia medium (CHROMM). Results The highest prevalence of PV in this study was observed in the 25- to 45-year-old group. No differences were found in the development of PV between sexes. The most affected areas of body were the trunk and face. Malassezia sympodialis (51%) was the most commonly isolated species, followed in frequency by M. globosa (40%), Malassezia furfur (7%), Malassezia obtusa (1%) and Malassezia slooffiae (1%). Conclusions The success for a correct identification of these yeasts is important to improve our knowledge about their epidemiological role in PV and also to detect the appearance of strains which are resistant to the commonly used antifungal drugs.