Dinámica y problemáticas territoriales de la pesca artesanal en el Delta Superior del Río Paraná
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. UNR
Resumen
La pesca artesanal constituye una de las principales actividades productivas
tradicionales que se emplazan en la región del Delta del Paraná. La misma, se
caracteriza por ser de pequeña escala y por brindar sustento económico y seguridad
alimentaria a numerosas familias ribereñas. Hace aproximadamente dos décadas, en
esta región comenzó un proceso de transformación socio-económica en la cual las
tierras dejaron de ser concebidas como “improductivas” y empezaron a valorizarse
para el establecimiento de actividades como la ganadería de alta carga, la agricultura
y el desarrollo inmobiliario. Otro de los factores intervinientes fue la apertura de las
exportaciones de pescado de río, la cual derivó en el emplazamiento de empresas
frigoríficas. El avance de estos nuevos intereses implicó cambios en los usos del suelo
y una intensificación de las actividades preexistentes.
El presente estudio buscó conocer cómo se vio afectada la pesca artesanal de la
ciudad de Rosario y la zona de islas adyacente, en este escenario de transformaciones
socio-territoriales. Se planteó, por un lado, caracterizar la dinámica de uso del espacio
ribereño-deltaico por parte de las pesquerías artesanales y, posteriormente, identificar
zonas de superposición y problemáticas territoriales. A través de la aplicación de
metodologías de investigación participativas (observación participante, entrevistas
semi-estructuradas y SIGP), se pudo determinar que el territorio pesquero local es
dinámico y adaptativo a múltiples factores (ecológicos, económicos, sociales, etc.) y
que, el mismo, se encuentra afectado por el avance de actividades como la ganadería
y los usos recreativos del río.
Este estudio contribuye a los esfuerzos por definir al “territorio pesquero”, concepto
fundamental para las estrategias de ordenamiento territorial que se buscan
implementar en el Delta. Además, se resalta la importancia de incluir al Conocimiento
Ecológico de los Pescadores en la gestión de los bienes pesqueros, aportando al
desarrollo de perspectivas de manejo integrales y participativas.
Artisanal fishing is one of the main traditional activities located in the Paraná Delta region. It is characterized by being small-scale and by providing economic sustenance and food security to numerous riverside families. About two decades ago, a socio economic transformation process began in this region in which these lands were no longer conceived as "unproductive" and began to be valued for the establishment of activities such as high-load cattle ranching, agriculture and urban development. Another factor involved was the opening of river fish exports, which led to the location of processing and storage plants. The advancement of these new interests implied changes in land uses and an intensification of pre-existing activities. In this scenario of socio-territorial transformations, the present study sought to know how artisanal fisheries from Rosario was affected. It was proposed, on the one hand, to characterize the dynamics of use of the riparian-deltaic space by artisanal fisheries and, subsequently, to identify areas of overlap and territorial issues. Through the application of participatory research methodologies (participant observation, semi structured interviews and PGIS), it was possible to determine that the local fishing territory is dynamic and adaptive to multiple (ecological, economic, social, etc.) factors and that, it is currently affected by the advancement of activities such as cattle ranching and riverine recreational activities. The study contributes to the efforts to define the “fishing territory”, a fundamental concept for the spatial planning strategies that are sought to be implemented in the Delta. In addition, it is highlighted the importance of including Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge in the management of fishing assets, contributing to the development of integrated and participatory management perspectives.
Artisanal fishing is one of the main traditional activities located in the Paraná Delta region. It is characterized by being small-scale and by providing economic sustenance and food security to numerous riverside families. About two decades ago, a socio economic transformation process began in this region in which these lands were no longer conceived as "unproductive" and began to be valued for the establishment of activities such as high-load cattle ranching, agriculture and urban development. Another factor involved was the opening of river fish exports, which led to the location of processing and storage plants. The advancement of these new interests implied changes in land uses and an intensification of pre-existing activities. In this scenario of socio-territorial transformations, the present study sought to know how artisanal fisheries from Rosario was affected. It was proposed, on the one hand, to characterize the dynamics of use of the riparian-deltaic space by artisanal fisheries and, subsequently, to identify areas of overlap and territorial issues. Through the application of participatory research methodologies (participant observation, semi structured interviews and PGIS), it was possible to determine that the local fishing territory is dynamic and adaptive to multiple (ecological, economic, social, etc.) factors and that, it is currently affected by the advancement of activities such as cattle ranching and riverine recreational activities. The study contributes to the efforts to define the “fishing territory”, a fundamental concept for the spatial planning strategies that are sought to be implemented in the Delta. In addition, it is highlighted the importance of including Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge in the management of fishing assets, contributing to the development of integrated and participatory management perspectives.
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