Bacillus subtilis biofilm extends Caenorhabditis elegans longevity through downregulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway
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Beneficial bacteria have been shown to affect host longevity, but the molecular mechanisms
mediating such effects remain largely unclear. Here we show that formation of Bacillus subtilis
biofilms increases Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. Biofilm-proficient B. subtilis colonizes the
C. elegans gut and extends worm lifespan more than biofilm-deficient isogenic strains. Two
molecules produced by B. subtilis — the quorum-sensing pentapeptide CSF and nitric oxide
(NO) — are sufficient to extend C. elegans longevity. When B. subtilis is cultured under
biofilm-supporting conditions, the synthesis of NO and CSF is increased in comparison with
their production under planktonic growth conditions. We further show that the prolongevity
effect of B. subtilis biofilms depends on the DAF-2/DAF-16/HSF-1 signalling axis and the
downregulation of the insulin-like signalling (ILS) pathway.
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