Análisis multitemporal de la fragmentación y del estado de conservación instantáneo de la Cuña Boscosa Santafesina en el período 1996-2019
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. UNR
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La deforestación y la fragmentación constituyen dos de las principales causas de pérdida
de hábitat y de especies a nivel mundial, y generan numerosos conflictos socioambientales. La
Cuña Boscosa Santafesina no ha estado exenta de estos fenómenos debido a que la explotación
de sus recursos madereros, tanineros y, más recientemente, forrajeros, producen beneficios
económicos significativos.
Son objetivos de la presente tesina evaluar la deforestación y fragmentación de la Cuña
Boscosa Santafesina utilizando imágenes satelitales y Sistemas de Información Geográfica
(SIG) y determinar el estado de conservación instantáneo de la misma. Para lo primero, se
clasificaron imágenes provenientes de la misión Landsat de seis años diferentes, desde 1996
hasta 2016. Mediante su clasificación se obtuvieron mapas de bosque a los que se le calcularon
métricas que permitieron conocer las dinámicas de los parches forestales y la tasa de
deforestación porcentual anual. Además, se obtuvieron métricas que describen a los parches y
se estimó la superficie ocupada por bosques para el año 2019 con imágenes del satélite Sentinel
2B, que posee una resolución espacial superior, y se calculó la exactitud global de la
clasificación de las mismas. Para el segundo objetivo se calcularon los valores de los criterios
necesarios para describir el estado de conservación instantáneo de la región en estudio.
Los resultados reflejaron que en el periodo temporal analizado se han perdido más de
106.000ha (hectáreas), lo que supone el 17,04 % de la superficie ocupada por bosques del área
de estudio, a una tasa de -0,93% promedio anual. Además, se verificó el resultado de cantidad
de superficie boscosa del último año con una exactitud global del 94%. Asimismo, se determinó
que el estado de conservación instantáneo de la Cuña Boscosa Santafesina según las categorías
de la Unión Internacional de la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) se corresponde con la
condición “vulnerable”.
Las conclusiones elaboradas por esta tesina quieren aportar a recomendaciones de
conservación que no se enfoquen únicamente en crear áreas relictuales de reservas, sino en
mantener la biodiversidad en la totalidad del paisaje
Deforestation and fragmentation are two of the main causes of habitat and species loss worldwide, and they also produce loads of social and environmental conflicts. The Cuña Boscosa Santafesina has not been exempt from both phenomenon, because of the exploitation of its timber, tannery and, more recently, forage resources, which produce significant economic surpluses. The objectives of this thesis are to evaluate deforestation and fragmentation in the Santa Fe Forest Wedge using satellite images and Geographical Information System (GIS) and to identify the instantaneous conservation status of the region under study. In order to do so, images from the Landsat satellite from six different years were classified, from 1996 to 2016. Through their classification, forest maps were obtained and metrics were calculated, letting know the dynamics of the forest patches and the annual percentage of deforestation rate. In addition, metrics of patches and forest area for the year 2019 were estimated with images from the Sentinel 2B satellite, which has a superior spatial resolution, and the global accuracy of the classification was calculated. For the second objective, the values of the necessary criteria of the instantaneous state of conservation of the region under study were described. The results reflected that in the analyzed period more than 106.000 ha (hectares) have been lost, which represents 17,04% of the area occupied by forests in the study area, at a rate of -0,93% annual average. In addition, the deforestation results of the last year were verified with an accuracy of 94%. Finally, it was determined that the instantaneous conservation status of the Santa Fe Forest Wedge, according to the categories of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), corresponds to “vulnerable”. The conclusions drawn by this thesis want to contribute to conservation recommendations that do not focus only on creating relict areas of reserves, but on maintaining biodiversity in the entire landscape.
Deforestation and fragmentation are two of the main causes of habitat and species loss worldwide, and they also produce loads of social and environmental conflicts. The Cuña Boscosa Santafesina has not been exempt from both phenomenon, because of the exploitation of its timber, tannery and, more recently, forage resources, which produce significant economic surpluses. The objectives of this thesis are to evaluate deforestation and fragmentation in the Santa Fe Forest Wedge using satellite images and Geographical Information System (GIS) and to identify the instantaneous conservation status of the region under study. In order to do so, images from the Landsat satellite from six different years were classified, from 1996 to 2016. Through their classification, forest maps were obtained and metrics were calculated, letting know the dynamics of the forest patches and the annual percentage of deforestation rate. In addition, metrics of patches and forest area for the year 2019 were estimated with images from the Sentinel 2B satellite, which has a superior spatial resolution, and the global accuracy of the classification was calculated. For the second objective, the values of the necessary criteria of the instantaneous state of conservation of the region under study were described. The results reflected that in the analyzed period more than 106.000 ha (hectares) have been lost, which represents 17,04% of the area occupied by forests in the study area, at a rate of -0,93% annual average. In addition, the deforestation results of the last year were verified with an accuracy of 94%. Finally, it was determined that the instantaneous conservation status of the Santa Fe Forest Wedge, according to the categories of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), corresponds to “vulnerable”. The conclusions drawn by this thesis want to contribute to conservation recommendations that do not focus only on creating relict areas of reserves, but on maintaining biodiversity in the entire landscape.
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