Diversidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos en la cuenca baja del arroyo Saladillo
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. UNR
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Las actividades antrópicas afectan a los sistemas lóticos de diversas maneras, ya
sea por el vertido de contaminantes o por el cambio de uso de suelo. La cuenca baja
del arroyo Saladillo atraviesa el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe y está inmersa en
dos matrices diferentes: agropecuaria y urbana. Con el fin de caracterizar el
ensamble de macroinvertebrados bentónicos presentes, en 6 sitios se recolectaron
muestras de bentos, se caracterizó el ambiente abiótico y se calcularon los índices
de diversidad y de calidad de agua. Los organismos fueron clasificados dentro de los
grupos funcionales alimenticios. Se recolectaron 43.608 individuos, distribuidos en
11 clases, 17 órdenes y 33 morfoespecies. La morfoespecie Chydoridae fue la más
abundante, seguida de Chironomidae, Nematoda, Naididae y Daphniidae, que
estuvieron presentes en todos los sitios de muestreo y son especies tolerantes a la
contaminación. En relación a los grupos funcionales, los colectores-recolectores
fueron los más abundantes, seguidos de los generalistas y los filtradores-colectores.
Los raspadores, fragmentadores y predadores presentaron abundancias muy bajas.
La conductividad y el pH afectan la abundancia total. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos
afectan diferencialmente a la abundancia de cada grupo funcional, con excepción
de los raspadores, a los que ningún parámetro ambiental afectó. Los índices de
diversidad mostraron un recambio alto de especies entre sitios, por lo cual se trata
de un sistema muy heterogéneo. Las diferencias en el ensamble de los
macroinvertebrados bentónicos en la cuenca baja del arroyo Saladillo pueden
deberse al uso del suelo de la matriz en que está inmerso. Los resultados de esta
tesina aportan al conocimiento de ensambles de macroinvertebrados bentónicos en
sistemas lóticos pampeanos en la provincia de Santa Fe, ya que hasta el momento
no hay estudios que los describan
Lotic systems are affected by anthropic activities in several ways, either by the discharge of pollutants or by changes in land use. The lower basin of the arroyo Saladillo crosses the south of the province of Santa Fe and is immersed in two different arrays: agricultural and urban. In order to characterize the present benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage, benthic samples were collected at 6 sites and the abiotic environment was characterized. Diversity and water quality indexes were calculated. The organisms were classified within functional feeding groups. 43.608 individuals were collected, classified in 11 classes, 17 orders and 33 morphospecies. The Chydoridae morphospecie was the most abundant, followed by Chironomidae, Nematoda, Naididae and Daphniidae. These species were found in all sampling sites and are pollution tolerant species. According to functional feeding groups, gathering collectors were the most abundant, followed by generalists and filtering-collectors. Scrapers, shredders, and predators have low abundances. Total abundance was affected by conductivity and pH. The abundance of each functional group was differentially affected by the physical-chemical parameters, with the exception of the scrapers that were not affected by any environmental parameter. The diversity indexes showed a high turnover of species between sites, indicating that it is a very heterogeneous system. The differences in the assembly of benthic macroinvertebrates in the lower basin of arroyo Saladillo may be due to the use of soil in the matrix in which it is immersed. The results of this thesis contribute to the knowledge of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Pampean lotic systems in the Santa Fe province, since so far there are no studies that describe them.
Lotic systems are affected by anthropic activities in several ways, either by the discharge of pollutants or by changes in land use. The lower basin of the arroyo Saladillo crosses the south of the province of Santa Fe and is immersed in two different arrays: agricultural and urban. In order to characterize the present benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage, benthic samples were collected at 6 sites and the abiotic environment was characterized. Diversity and water quality indexes were calculated. The organisms were classified within functional feeding groups. 43.608 individuals were collected, classified in 11 classes, 17 orders and 33 morphospecies. The Chydoridae morphospecie was the most abundant, followed by Chironomidae, Nematoda, Naididae and Daphniidae. These species were found in all sampling sites and are pollution tolerant species. According to functional feeding groups, gathering collectors were the most abundant, followed by generalists and filtering-collectors. Scrapers, shredders, and predators have low abundances. Total abundance was affected by conductivity and pH. The abundance of each functional group was differentially affected by the physical-chemical parameters, with the exception of the scrapers that were not affected by any environmental parameter. The diversity indexes showed a high turnover of species between sites, indicating that it is a very heterogeneous system. The differences in the assembly of benthic macroinvertebrates in the lower basin of arroyo Saladillo may be due to the use of soil in the matrix in which it is immersed. The results of this thesis contribute to the knowledge of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Pampean lotic systems in the Santa Fe province, since so far there are no studies that describe them.
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