Proceso de integración regional de la Unión Europea bajo la mirada sistémica: reconfiguración política en un marco postnacional
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[es] ¿Existe una estructura teórica innovadora para
poder analizar y describir los procesos de integración
regional? Nosotros intentaremos justificar
una respuesta afirmativa retomando la teoría
moderna de los sistemas de Niklas Luhmann y
dando pasos en favor de una teoría sistémica de
lo postnacional pensada para describir el proceso
de integración de la Unión Europea (UE).
El pensamiento luhmanniano no cuenta con un
desarrollo definitivo conceptual en lo político
para poder llevar a cabo esa justificación, pero
nos ha dejado una estructura teórica que nos permitirá
introducir nuevos elementos y reformular
otros para ello. Ante el proceso de globalización,
los procesos de integración regional nos exponen
a una realidad en la cual la incertidumbre
y el riesgo son moneda corriente; no podemos
conocer la realidad toda, el mundo entero ni el
futuro. Manteniéndonos en el plano descriptivo,
sin pasar al normativo, no pretendemos dar fórmulas
para salvar los procesos de integración ni
la ciudadanía a nivel mundial, sino exponer una
manera innovadora de interpretar los fenómenos
sociales y, puntualmente, la transición de lo político
postnacional con una teoría basada en el
paradigma de la diferenciación funcional de la
sociedad. Si los Estados nacionales ven surgir
estructuras que los sobrepasan, es quizás tiempo
de generar una nueva propuesta sistémica postnacional
de interpretar lo político.
[en] Is there any innovative theoretical structure to analyze and describe regional integration processes? We aim to justify an affirmative answer taking into account Niklas Luhmann’s modern systems theory but going further in the sense of a post-national perspective in order to describe the European Union’s integration process. Luhmannian’s concepts of politics were not completely developed in order to show grounds for this affirmation, but they set up a theoretical structure which allows us to introduce new elements and reformulate other notions to justify it. Face to the globalization process, regional integration processes expose a reality where uncertainty and risk are not unusual –we cannot know the whole reality, we cannot know the entire world and we cannot know the future. Keeping ourselves in descriptive terms, not stepping into the normative, we do not expect to give salvation formulas for integration processes nor world-level citizens, but we would expose an innovative way to explain social phenomena and, punctually, post-national political transition with a theory based on societal functional differentiation paradigm. If Nation State seems to be overtaken by new political structures, maybe it is time to expose a new theoretical proposal, a post-national and systemic interpretation of politics.
[en] Is there any innovative theoretical structure to analyze and describe regional integration processes? We aim to justify an affirmative answer taking into account Niklas Luhmann’s modern systems theory but going further in the sense of a post-national perspective in order to describe the European Union’s integration process. Luhmannian’s concepts of politics were not completely developed in order to show grounds for this affirmation, but they set up a theoretical structure which allows us to introduce new elements and reformulate other notions to justify it. Face to the globalization process, regional integration processes expose a reality where uncertainty and risk are not unusual –we cannot know the whole reality, we cannot know the entire world and we cannot know the future. Keeping ourselves in descriptive terms, not stepping into the normative, we do not expect to give salvation formulas for integration processes nor world-level citizens, but we would expose an innovative way to explain social phenomena and, punctually, post-national political transition with a theory based on societal functional differentiation paradigm. If Nation State seems to be overtaken by new political structures, maybe it is time to expose a new theoretical proposal, a post-national and systemic interpretation of politics.