PthA4AT, a 7.5-repeats transcription activator-like (TAL) effector from Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri, triggers citrus canker resistance
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Wiley Open Access
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Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are important effec tors of Xanthomonas spp. that manipulate the transcriptome of
the host plant, conferring susceptibility or resistance to bacterial
infection. Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri variant AT
(X. citri AT
) triggers
a host-specific hypersensitive response (HR) that suppresses citrus
canker development. However, the bacterial effector that elicits this
process is unknown. In this study, we show that a 7.5-repeat TALE
is responsible for triggering the HR. PthA4AT was identified within
the pthA repertoire of X. citri AT
followed by assay of the effects on
different hosts. The mode of action of PthA4AT was characterized
using protein-binding microarrays and testing the effects of dele tion of the nuclear localization signals and activation domain on
plant responses. PthA4AT is able to bind DNA and activate transcrip tion in an effector binding element-dependent manner. Moreover,
HR requires PthA4AT nuclear localization, suggesting the activation
of executor resistance (R) genes in host and non-host plants. This
is the first case where a TALE of unusually short length performs a
biological function by means of its repeat domain, indicating that
the action of these effectors to reprogramme the host transcriptome
following nuclear localization is not limited to ‘classical’ TALEs.
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