Análisis de la utilidad de la prueba topográfica por tetrazolio realizada en precosecha como criterio para la selección de lotes de semilla de soja (Glycine max)
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Resumen
Las condiciones ambientales en las que se desarrolla el cultivo de soja (Glycine
max), fundamentalmente después de madurez fisiológica, tienen un alto impacto
sobre la calidad fisiológica de la semilla. El contar con una herramienta para evaluar
dicha calidad previo a la cosecha, resultaría sumamente útil para la industria
semillera. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la utilidad del test de tetrazolio, del
modo en que Bayer lo implementa actualmente, realizado sobre una muestra tomada
previo a la cosecha, como predictor del valor de poder germinativo. Se utilizaron
lotes sembrados con veinte variedades, distribuidas en Argentina y Brasil, durante
tres campañas agrícolas. Se realizaron análisis de correlación y de regresión simple
y múltiple entre las variables viabilidad y vigor vía prueba topográfica de tetrazolio,
obtenidos mediante las metodologías empleadas por cada uno de los laboratorios
utilizados, y el poder germinativo, al igual que una valoración económica del impacto
de la toma de decisiones basado en esos parámetros. No se encontraron
correlaciones significativas entre ninguna de las variables analizadas en
combinación o separadas y el PG. El impacto económico de tomar decisiones en
base a dichas variables sería negativo para las empresas semilleras. Adicionalmente
se analizaron posibles causas que expliquen diferencias entre los resultados y la
bibliografía. Así es que se comparan las técnicas de tetrazolio entre laboratorios
utilizados. Dichas diferencias no logran explicar la falta de correlaciones. Queda
planteado para futuros trabajos en esta línea de estudio, el análisis de la
metodología de muestreo en precosecha del cultivo.
The environmental conditions in which soybean (Glycine max) crop develops, especially those that take place after physiologic maturity, have a great impact over the seed physiologic quality. Having a test to analyze that quality prior to harvest, would result very useful for the seed industry. The purpose of this work is to establish if the tetrazolium topographic test, applied the way Bayer currently does, performed over a sample taken prior to harvest, is useful as a predictor of the germination power. Fields sown with twenty varieties over three campaigns, distributed between Argentina and Brazil where used for this investigation. Correlation tests, as well as simple and multiple regression analysis were made between tetrazolium tests (viability and vigor), according to the technic that each laboratory participating in this study uses, and germination power. An economic impact analysis of a decisionmaking process based upon these variables was also performed. No significant correlations were found between any of the variables and germination power, whether they were analyzed separately or combined. Making decisions based upon these variables would cause a negative economic effect on seed industry companies. Possible causes for the differences between bibliography and this research results were analyzed as well. Tetrazolium laboratory techniques applied by the laboratories used in this work, were contrasted. Differences between them cannot fully explain the lack of correlations. The method used for taking samples at the field prior to harvest is suggested as a future working area.
The environmental conditions in which soybean (Glycine max) crop develops, especially those that take place after physiologic maturity, have a great impact over the seed physiologic quality. Having a test to analyze that quality prior to harvest, would result very useful for the seed industry. The purpose of this work is to establish if the tetrazolium topographic test, applied the way Bayer currently does, performed over a sample taken prior to harvest, is useful as a predictor of the germination power. Fields sown with twenty varieties over three campaigns, distributed between Argentina and Brazil where used for this investigation. Correlation tests, as well as simple and multiple regression analysis were made between tetrazolium tests (viability and vigor), according to the technic that each laboratory participating in this study uses, and germination power. An economic impact analysis of a decisionmaking process based upon these variables was also performed. No significant correlations were found between any of the variables and germination power, whether they were analyzed separately or combined. Making decisions based upon these variables would cause a negative economic effect on seed industry companies. Possible causes for the differences between bibliography and this research results were analyzed as well. Tetrazolium laboratory techniques applied by the laboratories used in this work, were contrasted. Differences between them cannot fully explain the lack of correlations. The method used for taking samples at the field prior to harvest is suggested as a future working area.
