Entre el hacer y el decir : capacidades, prácticas e imaginarios de innovación pública en los gobiernos locales de Argentina
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
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Esta tesis parte de una pregunta central: ¿cómo innovan los gobiernos municipales
argentinos en contextos marcados por profundas desigualdades? El problema es relevante
porque, en gran parte del territorio, los municipios enfrentan recursos limitados y estructuras institucionales frágiles, pero aun así generan iniciativas que buscan transformar la
gestión pública y ampliar su capacidad de respuesta.
El análisis se enmarca en un enfoque que articula tres dimensiones: la innovación
pública como práctica situada, las capacidades estatales como condición habilitante y la
gobernanza como entorno institucional y relacional; todas ellas atravesadas por una faceta
simbólica, entendida como componente constitutivo de la acción estatal. Con este marco,
se exploran las experiencias de 123 municipios de distintas regiones del país, a partir de
una estrategia metodológica mixta que combina herramientas cuantitativas, análisis documental e interpretación cualitativa. La mayoría de los casos relevados corresponden al
período 2015-2020, previo a la pandemia de COVID-19, cuestión que permite observar
trayectorias no definidas principalmente por el contexto de emergencia.
La investigación evidencia que la innovación local depende en menor medida de
marcos técnicos o normativos consolidados, y se fundamenta principalmente en arreglos
institucionales flexibles, la agencia política contextual y factores estructurales y contextuales mediados por lenguajes generadores de legitimidad. En este marco, sobresale la
relevancia de los soportes relacionales y simbólicos como condición fundamental para
posibilitar procesos innovadores en contextos adversos.
La tesis propone, así, una lectura ampliada de la innovación pública local, que
incorpora tanto lo que los gobiernos hacen como lo que enuncian que hacen, reconociendo
en esa combinación una forma de construcción estatal cuando las estructuras, aunque relevantes, no resultan suficientes por sí solas.
This dissertation addresses a central question: how do municipal governments in Argentina innovate under conditions of deep inequality? The relevance of this problem lies in the fact that, across much of the country, municipalities operate with limited resources and fragile institutional structures, yet still develop initiatives aimed at transforming public management and expanding their capacity to respond. The analysis is framed within an approach that articulates three dimensions: public innovation as a situated practice, state capacities as enabling conditions, and governance as the institutional and relational environment; all of them traversed by a symbolic facet, understood as a constitutive component of state action. Within this framework, the study examines the experiences of 123 municipalities from different regions of the country, based on a mixed methodological strategy that combines quantitative tools, documentary analysis, and qualitative interpretation. Most of the cases under review correspond to the period 2015-2020, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, which allows observing trajectories that were not primarily shaped by the emergency context. Research shows that local innovation depends less on established technical or regulatory frameworks and is primarily based on flexible institutional arrangements, contextual political agency, and structural and contextual factors mediated by legitimacy-generating languages. Within this framework, the importance of relational and symbolic supports stands out as a fundamental condition for enabling innovative processes in adverse contexts. The dissertation thus proposes an expanded reading of local public innovation, one that includes both what governments do and what they claim to do, and recognizes in this combination a way of constructing statehood in contexts where structures, while relevant, are not sufficient on their own.
This dissertation addresses a central question: how do municipal governments in Argentina innovate under conditions of deep inequality? The relevance of this problem lies in the fact that, across much of the country, municipalities operate with limited resources and fragile institutional structures, yet still develop initiatives aimed at transforming public management and expanding their capacity to respond. The analysis is framed within an approach that articulates three dimensions: public innovation as a situated practice, state capacities as enabling conditions, and governance as the institutional and relational environment; all of them traversed by a symbolic facet, understood as a constitutive component of state action. Within this framework, the study examines the experiences of 123 municipalities from different regions of the country, based on a mixed methodological strategy that combines quantitative tools, documentary analysis, and qualitative interpretation. Most of the cases under review correspond to the period 2015-2020, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, which allows observing trajectories that were not primarily shaped by the emergency context. Research shows that local innovation depends less on established technical or regulatory frameworks and is primarily based on flexible institutional arrangements, contextual political agency, and structural and contextual factors mediated by legitimacy-generating languages. Within this framework, the importance of relational and symbolic supports stands out as a fundamental condition for enabling innovative processes in adverse contexts. The dissertation thus proposes an expanded reading of local public innovation, one that includes both what governments do and what they claim to do, and recognizes in this combination a way of constructing statehood in contexts where structures, while relevant, are not sufficient on their own.

