Análisis de la efectividad de la apomixis en la fijación de caracteres a través de generaciones sucesivas
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Rosario
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Paspalum notatum es una gramínea nativa, perenne empleada para pastoreo
directo. Las poblaciones naturales se encuentran organizadas en complejos agámicos
multiploides, el citotipo diploide es sexual y auto-incompatible mientras el tetraploide
es auto-compatible y se reproduce por apomixis gametofítica apospórica, generando
progenies clonales de la planta madre. Los sacos embrionarios aposóricos (SEAs) se
originan a partir de una célula somática no reducida, luego el embrión se forma por
partenogénesis, y el endosperma por pseudogamia. En este trabajo se analizó la
estabilidad intra- e inter-generacional y el efecto ambiental, de caracteres vegetativos
y reproductivos en el cultivar híbrido tetraploide apomíctico de P. notatum, Boyero UNNE. Se realizaron evaluaciones a campo durante dos campañas consecutivas. En
la primera, se analizaron tres poblaciones de la primera generación de Boyero-UNNE,
obtenidas durante tres campañas diferentes, y se obtuvieron las semillas para la
segunda generación. En la segunda campaña, se evaluaron las poblaciones de ambas
generaciones. Las variables medidas fueron altura de planta, número de macollos,
área foliar, largo de vara y de racimo. En cuanto al comportamiento reproductivo se
cuantificaron los SEs, apospóricos y sexuales, en la primera generación. En las dos
campañas se observó variabilidad intra-generacional para ambas generaciones. El
efecto ambiental se evaluó comparando la primera generación durante las dos
campañas y se observó una reducción general de los parámetros analizados durante
la segunda campaña que presentó una disminución significativa de las precipitaciones
acumuladas, respecto al promedio histórico. En cuanto al comportamiento
reproductivo, se observó que un 76-78% de ovarios contenía SEAs, un valor
significativamente menor al de Boyero-UNNE caracterizado originalmente en la
localidad de Corrientes. La comparación de los parámetros fenotípicos entre dos
generaciones sucesivas reveló estabilidad para la mayoría de los caracteres
analizados. Estos resultados reflejan que los híbridos apomícticos presentan
estabilidad fenotípica trans-generacional pero manifiestan variabilidad frente a
cambios ambientales.
Paspalum notatum is a native perennial grass used for direct grazing. Natural populations are organized in multiploid agamic complexes, the diploid cytotype is sexual and self-incompatible while the tetraploid is self-compatible and reproduces by aposporic gametophytic apomixis, generating clonal progeny from the mother plant. The aposporic embryo sacs (AES) originate from a non-reduced somatic cell, which then forms the embryo by parthenogenesis, and the endosperm by pseudogamy. In this work, the intra- and intergenerational stability and the environmental effect of vegetative and reproductive traits were analyzed in the tetraploid apomictic hybrid cultivar of P. notatum, Boyero-UNNE. Field evaluations were carried out during two consecutive seasons. In the first campaign, three populations of the first generation of Boyero-UNNE, obtained during three different campaigns, were analyzed and seeds were obtained for the second generation. In the second campaign, populations of both generations were evaluated. The variables measured were plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, cane and bunch length. Regarding reproductive behavior, SEs, aposporic and sexual, were quantified in the first generation. Intra-generational variability was observed in both seasons for both generations. The environmental effect was evaluated by comparing the first generation during the two seasons, and a general reduction in the parameters analysed was observed during the second season, which presented a significant decrease in accumulated rainfall, with respect to the historical average. Regarding reproductive behavior, it was observed that 76-78% of ovaries contained SEAs, a value significantly lower than that of Boyero-UNNE originally characterized in the Corrientes locality. Comparison of phenotypic parameters between two successive generations revealed stability for most of the traits analysed. These results reflect that apomictic hybrids show trans-generational phenotypic stability but show variability in response to environmental changes.
Paspalum notatum is a native perennial grass used for direct grazing. Natural populations are organized in multiploid agamic complexes, the diploid cytotype is sexual and self-incompatible while the tetraploid is self-compatible and reproduces by aposporic gametophytic apomixis, generating clonal progeny from the mother plant. The aposporic embryo sacs (AES) originate from a non-reduced somatic cell, which then forms the embryo by parthenogenesis, and the endosperm by pseudogamy. In this work, the intra- and intergenerational stability and the environmental effect of vegetative and reproductive traits were analyzed in the tetraploid apomictic hybrid cultivar of P. notatum, Boyero-UNNE. Field evaluations were carried out during two consecutive seasons. In the first campaign, three populations of the first generation of Boyero-UNNE, obtained during three different campaigns, were analyzed and seeds were obtained for the second generation. In the second campaign, populations of both generations were evaluated. The variables measured were plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, cane and bunch length. Regarding reproductive behavior, SEs, aposporic and sexual, were quantified in the first generation. Intra-generational variability was observed in both seasons for both generations. The environmental effect was evaluated by comparing the first generation during the two seasons, and a general reduction in the parameters analysed was observed during the second season, which presented a significant decrease in accumulated rainfall, with respect to the historical average. Regarding reproductive behavior, it was observed that 76-78% of ovaries contained SEAs, a value significantly lower than that of Boyero-UNNE originally characterized in the Corrientes locality. Comparison of phenotypic parameters between two successive generations revealed stability for most of the traits analysed. These results reflect that apomictic hybrids show trans-generational phenotypic stability but show variability in response to environmental changes.
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