An updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean

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dc.citation.titleFrontiers in Pharmacology
dc.citation.volume14
dc.creatorSalas Hernández, Aimeé
dc.creatorGalleguillos, Macarena
dc.creatorCarrasco, Matías
dc.creatorLópez Cortés, Andrés
dc.creatorRedal, María Ana
dc.creatorFonseca Mendoza, Dora
dc.creatorPerez, Germán Roberto
dc.creatorRELIVAF
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-10T14:54:57Z
dc.date.available2025-02-10T14:54:57Z
dc.date.issued2023-05-11
dc.description.abstractPharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/ fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/ tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/ clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC.
dc.description.filFil: Perez, Germán Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Departamento de Microbiología; Argentina.
dc.description.filFil: Salas Hernández, Aimeé. University of Costa Rica. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaco-Dependence; Costa Rica.
dc.description.filFil: Galleguillos, Macarena. University of Chile. Faculty of Medicine. Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics. Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology; Chile.
dc.description.filFil: Carrasco, Matías. University of Chile. Faculty of Medicine. Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics. Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology; Chile.
dc.description.filFil: López Cortés, Andrés. Universidad de Las Américas. Faculty of Medicine. Cancer Research Group (CRG); Ecuador.
dc.description.filFil: Redal, María Ana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular. Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín; Argentina.
dc.description.filFil: Fonseca Mendoza, Dora. Universidad del Rosario. School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics. Institute of Translational Medicine; Colombia.
dc.description.sponsorshipPrograma Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED): 219RT0572
dc.description.versionpeerreviewed
dc.format.extent1-12
dc.identifier.issn1663-9812
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2133/28807
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1175737
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1175737/full
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.rights.holderRELIVAF
dc.rights.holderUniversidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
dc.rights.textAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectPharmacogenetics
dc.subjectPharmacogenomics
dc.subjectGene/drug pair
dc.subjectBarriers
dc.subjectPrecision medicine
dc.titleAn updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean
dc.typearticulo
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion

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