Evaluación del comportamiento del germoplasma elite de Santa Rosa Semillas S.A. frente a chinches fitófagas
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias-Universidad Nacional de Rosario
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La “soja” (Glycine max) es la principal oleaginosa sembrada en Argentina,
representando casi el 90% del área cultivada. El complejo de chinches fitófagas (Nezara
viridula, Dichelops furcatus, Edessa meditabunda, Piezodorus guildinii), ejerce daños
importantes en el cultivo de soja, generando pérdidas en el rendimiento, disminuyendo la
viabilidad, el poder germinativo y el vigor, variables fundamentales para la producción de
semillas. Actualmente la estrategia de control más utilizada es el uso de diversos
insecticidas, pero esto ha desencadenado una serie de consecuencias negativas tales
como: desarrollo de resistencia a diversos productos activos, contaminación del suelo,
agua y aire y eliminación de fauna benéfica. Las plantas poseen defensas anti-herbivoría,
que pueden ser desde estrategias físicas, hasta la producción de compuestos químicos
específicos que desencadenan procesos de antibiosis, antixenosis o tolerancia, en donde
el resultado final es la disminución del daño que ocasionan estos insectos. El objetivo del
trabajo fue estudiar el comportamiento del germoplasma élite de soja del criadero Santa
Rosa Semillas S.A., frente al ataque de especies de chinches, de la familia Pentatomidae,
más frecuentes en el área neotropical, que puedan ser incorporados en un futuro
programa de mejoramiento para el manejo de chinches. Para esto, durante la campaña
agrícola 2019-2020 se llevó a cabo un ensayo en la localidad de Monje, donde se
estableció un diseño de parcelas divididas con cultivo de soja. El tratamiento de las
parcelas principales se basó en la infestación (INF y NO/INF), desde R3 a R6, con chinches
criadas en condiciones controladas, en la cámara de cría de la Facultad de Cs. Agrarias,
Zavalla. En las subparcelas se dispusieron diferentes líneas del germoplasma élite del
criadero: 6 de grupo de madurez corto y 6 de grupo de madurez largo. Al finalizar el ciclo
del cultivo se tomaron datos de: rendimiento; retención foliar y tallo verde y se mandaron
a analizar semillas, mediante la prueba topográfica de tetrazolio para la determinación de
semillas no viables, nº total de picaduras y daño severo en semillas. Según los resultados
obtenidos se encontraron diferencias significativas en la variable rendimiento entre los
tratamientos infestados y no infestados. Dentro de los ciclos cortos de madurez, hubo
diferencias significativas para retención foliar, tallo verde y daño severo en semillas, los
germoplasmas LE0164, LE6134 y LE3071 tuvieron un comportamiento más estable frente
a chinches. Dentro de los ciclos largos de madurez los genotipos LE1073 y LE0811 solo
mostraron diferencias significativas para la variable tallo verde. Asimismo, aunque las
variables estudiadas en algunos casos no se diferenciaron significativamente, la tendencia
de los datos nos permitiría seguir con estas líneas en estudios de bioensayos para ser
incorporadas al programa de mejoramiento para chinches.
Soybean (Glycine max) is the main oilseed cultivated in Argentina, representing almost 90% of the cultivated area. The complex of phytophagous stink bugs (Nezara viridula, Dichelops furcatus, Edessa meditabunda, Piezodorus guildinii), exerts significant damage on soybean crops, generating losses in yield, decreasing viability, germination power and vigor, fundamental variables for production of seeds. Currently the most widely used control strategy is the use of various insecticides, but this has triggered a series of negative consequences such as: development of resistance to various active products, soil, water and air contamination and elimination of beneficial fauna. Plants have anti-herbivory defenses, which can range from physical strategies to the production of specific chemical compounds that trigger antibiosis, antixenosis or tolerance processes, where the final result is the reduction of the damage caused by these insects. The objective of the work was to study the behavior of the elite soybean germplasm from the Santa Rosa Semillas S.A. hatchery, against the attack of species of bugs, of the Pentatomidae family, more frequent in the neotropical area, which can be incorporated in a future breeding program for stink bug management. For this, during the 2019-2020 agricultural campaign, an experimentwas carried out in the town of Monje, where a design of divided plots with soybean cropwas established. The treatment of the main plots was based on the infestation (INF and NO/INF), from R3 to R6, with stinkbugs reared under controlled conditions, in the breeding chamber of the Faculty of Agronomic Science Zavalla. Different lines of the hatchery's elite germplasm were arranged in the subplots: 6 from the short maturity group and 6 from the long maturity group. At the end of the crop cycle, data were taken on: yield; foliar retention and green stem, and seeds were sent to analyze, by means of the tetrazolium topographic test for the determination of non-viable seeds, total number of bites and severe damage to seeds. According to the results, significant differences were found in the yield variable between the infested and non infested treatments. Within the short maturity cycles, there were also significant differences for foliar retention, green stem and severe seed damage; the germplasms LE0164, LE6134 and LE3071 had a more stable behavior against stink bugs. Within the long maturity cycles, the LE1073 and LE0811 genotypes only showed significant differences for the green stem variable. Likewise, although the variables studied in some cases did not differ significantly, the trend of the data would allow us to continue with these lines in bioassay studies to be incorporated into the breeding program for bedbugs.
Soybean (Glycine max) is the main oilseed cultivated in Argentina, representing almost 90% of the cultivated area. The complex of phytophagous stink bugs (Nezara viridula, Dichelops furcatus, Edessa meditabunda, Piezodorus guildinii), exerts significant damage on soybean crops, generating losses in yield, decreasing viability, germination power and vigor, fundamental variables for production of seeds. Currently the most widely used control strategy is the use of various insecticides, but this has triggered a series of negative consequences such as: development of resistance to various active products, soil, water and air contamination and elimination of beneficial fauna. Plants have anti-herbivory defenses, which can range from physical strategies to the production of specific chemical compounds that trigger antibiosis, antixenosis or tolerance processes, where the final result is the reduction of the damage caused by these insects. The objective of the work was to study the behavior of the elite soybean germplasm from the Santa Rosa Semillas S.A. hatchery, against the attack of species of bugs, of the Pentatomidae family, more frequent in the neotropical area, which can be incorporated in a future breeding program for stink bug management. For this, during the 2019-2020 agricultural campaign, an experimentwas carried out in the town of Monje, where a design of divided plots with soybean cropwas established. The treatment of the main plots was based on the infestation (INF and NO/INF), from R3 to R6, with stinkbugs reared under controlled conditions, in the breeding chamber of the Faculty of Agronomic Science Zavalla. Different lines of the hatchery's elite germplasm were arranged in the subplots: 6 from the short maturity group and 6 from the long maturity group. At the end of the crop cycle, data were taken on: yield; foliar retention and green stem, and seeds were sent to analyze, by means of the tetrazolium topographic test for the determination of non-viable seeds, total number of bites and severe damage to seeds. According to the results, significant differences were found in the yield variable between the infested and non infested treatments. Within the short maturity cycles, there were also significant differences for foliar retention, green stem and severe seed damage; the germplasms LE0164, LE6134 and LE3071 had a more stable behavior against stink bugs. Within the long maturity cycles, the LE1073 and LE0811 genotypes only showed significant differences for the green stem variable. Likewise, although the variables studied in some cases did not differ significantly, the trend of the data would allow us to continue with these lines in bioassay studies to be incorporated into the breeding program for bedbugs.
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