De vencedores a víctimas: 25 años de memoria castrense
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Resumen
Este artículo se propone abordar la memoria
militar sobre la represión en Argentina,
más específicamente, la memoria institucional
del ejército, buscando reconocer los ciclos de
construcción, deconstrucción y reconstrucción
de sus narrativas sobre el pasado reciente. A
lo largo de los últimos 25 años, en la memoria
del ejército conviven tanto continuidades como
transformaciones narrativas. Unas y otras son
fruto de las negociaciones y confrontaciones
que la institución mantiene, para dentro, con
el relato hegemónico sobre la “lucha contra la
subversión”; para fuera, con el discurso de los
organismos de Derechos Humanos y la memoria
de los desaparecidos. De allí que el interrogante
primordial que anima este trabajo es cómo se articulan
cambio y continuidad en la memoria de
una institución para la cual el pasado es fuente
de legitimidad e identidad, pero que al mismo
tiempo se ve enérgicamente cuestionada por una
sociedad que le exige respuestas por los crímenes
cometidos. En suma, este artículo se plantea
los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cómo reproduce
la memoria del ejército las representaciones que
posibilitaron su criminalización y cómo se diferencia
de la herencia del régimen de facto que
la precede? ¿Cómo evolucionó a través de los
años para adaptarse a nuevas situaciones y cómo
mantuvo los sentidos y representaciones que
conforman su identidad y tradiciones?
The aim of this paper is to analyze the military personnel’s memory regarding illegal repression in Argentina. More specifically, it attempts to recognize the cycles of construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of the military narratives about the recent past. Within the last 25 years, military’s memory has hold continuities and ruptures. These arise from the processes of both negotiation and confrontation that the military has had to deal with. These processes have been developed inwards, with their own hegemonic narrative about “fight against subversion” and outwards, especially in terms of the increasingly stronger discourse of the Human Rights organizations and the relatives of the disappeared. Therefore, the main question of this paper is how to analyse the changes and continuities that affect the memory of the military, for which the past is not only a source of legitimacy and identity but also a source of condemnation and justice claims that call into question its the institutional place as such. This paper also proposes to answer the following questions: How do the policies of memory of the military reproduce the representation that contributes to its criminalization and how does it attempt to make a difference in relation to the heritage of the previous dictatorships? How the narratives of the military have changed in the last years in order to adapt its discourses to the new contexts? How does the army manage to keep its corporative spirit, traditional practices, and identity alive in that adverse context?
The aim of this paper is to analyze the military personnel’s memory regarding illegal repression in Argentina. More specifically, it attempts to recognize the cycles of construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of the military narratives about the recent past. Within the last 25 years, military’s memory has hold continuities and ruptures. These arise from the processes of both negotiation and confrontation that the military has had to deal with. These processes have been developed inwards, with their own hegemonic narrative about “fight against subversion” and outwards, especially in terms of the increasingly stronger discourse of the Human Rights organizations and the relatives of the disappeared. Therefore, the main question of this paper is how to analyse the changes and continuities that affect the memory of the military, for which the past is not only a source of legitimacy and identity but also a source of condemnation and justice claims that call into question its the institutional place as such. This paper also proposes to answer the following questions: How do the policies of memory of the military reproduce the representation that contributes to its criminalization and how does it attempt to make a difference in relation to the heritage of the previous dictatorships? How the narratives of the military have changed in the last years in order to adapt its discourses to the new contexts? How does the army manage to keep its corporative spirit, traditional practices, and identity alive in that adverse context?
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Salvi, Valentina. De vencedores a víctimas: 25 años de memoria castrense. En Temas y Debates 13 (17): 93-115
