Evaluación de la cobertura del suelo y de las comunidades leñosas ribereñas en la Reserva Hídrica Natural Río Carcarañá
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Rosario
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Los ecosistemas ribereños de la región pampeana representan algunos de los últimos relictos
de vegetación natural dentro de un paisaje intensamente transformado por actividades
agropecuarias y urbanas. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el
uso del suelo y el estado de la vegetación leñosa en la Reserva Hídrica Natural Río Carcarañá
(RHNRC), ubicada en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. La cobertura del suelo se
analizó mediante una clasificación supervisada de imágenes satelitales Sentinel-2, utilizando el
algoritmo de máxima probabilidad y sitios de entrenamiento obtenidos en campo. A su vez, se
aplicó un índice adaptado de calidad de bosque de ribera (QBRc) en 34 estaciones de muestreo,
considerando las características del bosque ribereño, el uso del suelo adyacente y la cobertura
de la ribera opuesta. Los resultados del índice fueron analizados mediante técnicas de análisis
multivariadas (PCA y análisis de agrupamiento) y además se realizó un inventario de especies
leñosas para evaluar la composición florística. La clasificación alcanzó una precisión general
del 91,53% (índice Kappa = 0,88). La matriz del paisaje estuvo dominada por agricultura
(39,1%) y áreas de bajo/pastizal (27,2%), mientras que el bosque ocupó el 18,3% de la
superficie. Los valores del índice QBRc (159 a 259) evidenciaron una marcada heterogeneidad
en el estado de conservación de las riberas. Los análisis multivariados identificaron tres grupos
de estaciones asociados a distintos niveles de calidad ecológica. Los sectores mejor conservados
se concentraron principalmente en el curso inferior del río, mientras que los tramos más
degradados se vincularon con áreas urbanas y de uso agropecuario. El inventario registró 17
especies leñosas nativas y 9 exóticas, destacándose la frecuencia elevada de la especie exótica
invasora Gleditsia triacanthos. En conjunto, los resultados indican que la reserva presenta un
mosaico de sectores con diferentes estados de conservación, lo que resalta la necesidad de
implementar estrategias de manejo diferenciales que contemplen tanto la protección de los
sectores mejor conservados como la restauración de los tramos más degradados.
Riparian ecosystems in the Pampa region represent some of the last remnants of natural vegetation within a landscape strongly transformed by agricultural and urban activities. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate land use and the condition of riparian woody vegetation in the Río Carcarañá Natural Hydrological Reserve (RHNRC), located in southern Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Land cover was analyzed through a supervised classification of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery using the maximum likelihood algorithm and training sites obtained in the field. In addition, an adapted version of the QBR Index (QBRc) was applied at 34 sampling stations, considering the characteristics of the riparian forest, adjacent land use, and the vegetation cover of the opposite riverbank. Index results were analyzed using multivariate techniques (PCA and cluster analysis), and an inventory of woody species was conducted to assess floristic composition. The classification achieved an overall accuracy of 91.53% (Kappa index = 0.88). The landscape matrix was dominated by agriculture (39.1%) and lowland/grassland areas (27.2%), while forest cover accounted for 18.3% of the total area. QBRc values (159–259) revealed a marked heterogeneity in the conservation status of riparian zones. Multivariate analyses identified three groups of sampling stations associated with different levels of ecological quality. The best-preserved sectors were mainly located in the lower course of the river, whereas the most degraded sections were associated with urban areas and agricultural land use. The inventory recorded 17 native woody species and 9 exotic species, highlighting the high frequency of the invasive species Gleditsia triacanthos. Overall, the results indicate that the reserve presents a mosaic of sectors with different conservation conditions, emphasizing the need for differentiated management strategies that include both the protection of the well-preserved sectors and the restoration of the most degraded sections.
Riparian ecosystems in the Pampa region represent some of the last remnants of natural vegetation within a landscape strongly transformed by agricultural and urban activities. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate land use and the condition of riparian woody vegetation in the Río Carcarañá Natural Hydrological Reserve (RHNRC), located in southern Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Land cover was analyzed through a supervised classification of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery using the maximum likelihood algorithm and training sites obtained in the field. In addition, an adapted version of the QBR Index (QBRc) was applied at 34 sampling stations, considering the characteristics of the riparian forest, adjacent land use, and the vegetation cover of the opposite riverbank. Index results were analyzed using multivariate techniques (PCA and cluster analysis), and an inventory of woody species was conducted to assess floristic composition. The classification achieved an overall accuracy of 91.53% (Kappa index = 0.88). The landscape matrix was dominated by agriculture (39.1%) and lowland/grassland areas (27.2%), while forest cover accounted for 18.3% of the total area. QBRc values (159–259) revealed a marked heterogeneity in the conservation status of riparian zones. Multivariate analyses identified three groups of sampling stations associated with different levels of ecological quality. The best-preserved sectors were mainly located in the lower course of the river, whereas the most degraded sections were associated with urban areas and agricultural land use. The inventory recorded 17 native woody species and 9 exotic species, highlighting the high frequency of the invasive species Gleditsia triacanthos. Overall, the results indicate that the reserve presents a mosaic of sectors with different conservation conditions, emphasizing the need for differentiated management strategies that include both the protection of the well-preserved sectors and the restoration of the most degraded sections.
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