El nuevo Prometeo. Algunas reflexiones en torno al liderazgo carismático en el contexto de las democracias modernas
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2010-08
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Resumen
El presente trabajo intenta rastrear en el pensamiento de los intelectuales más destacados de
fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX la concepción de democracia, y particularmente cómo
entendían la relación entre líder-masa que con
la expansión del sufragio universal se gestaba.
En este orden nos detenemos especialmente en
la figura del líder carismático, figura ausente en
la tradición liberal y su concepción de sujetos
autónomos, que se erige sobre las bases del ideal
de la autenticidad del romanticismo. A partir de
esto analizamos la nueva temporalidad dentro de
la teoría política que presentan las democracias
con liderazgos carismáticos, la relación de éstos
con la burocracia, y el fino límite que separa a
estas democracias de experiencias autoritarias.
De este modo retomamos a Weber para subrayar
el difícil pero siempre necesario equilibrio entre
racionalidad y carisma que debe regir toda democracia moderna.
The present work try to trace in the thought of the intellectuals more important of the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX, the democracy’s conception, and particularly how they understood the relation between the leader and mass, that just begging with the expansion of the suffrage. We put our eyes specially in the charismatic leader, figure absent in the liberal tradition and his conception of autonomous subject, that raise from the authenticity’s ideal of the romanticism. With these tools we analyze the new conception of time inside the political theory that present the democracy with charismatic leader, the relation between this leader and the bureaucracy, and narrow limits that separate this democracy the authority’s experience. We return to Weber to underline the hard but always necessary balance between charisma and rationality that have to lead the modern democracy.
The present work try to trace in the thought of the intellectuals more important of the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX, the democracy’s conception, and particularly how they understood the relation between the leader and mass, that just begging with the expansion of the suffrage. We put our eyes specially in the charismatic leader, figure absent in the liberal tradition and his conception of autonomous subject, that raise from the authenticity’s ideal of the romanticism. With these tools we analyze the new conception of time inside the political theory that present the democracy with charismatic leader, the relation between this leader and the bureaucracy, and narrow limits that separate this democracy the authority’s experience. We return to Weber to underline the hard but always necessary balance between charisma and rationality that have to lead the modern democracy.
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Palabras clave
Carisma, Weber, Democracia, Elitistas, Burocracia, Charisma, Democracy, Elitist, Bureaucracy