Qué es la comunicación estratégica: un contraste entre literatura e industria
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Este artículo busca retomar el debate que, a comienzos de este siglo, se dio respecto de las características de la ‘comunicación estratégica’ en cuanto disciplina. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica se proponen tres variables clave para una definición conceptual: su actividad (en qué consiste), su fundamento (a quién sirve) y su propósito (qué busca). Luego se realizó un estudio con cinco de las principales empresas consultoras en Chile,indagando en su conceptualización del tema y el modo en que esa definición dialoga con sus servicios. Los resultados muestran que las consultoras entienden la comunicación estratégica como una gestión integral de recursos de comunicación (actividad) orientada por la misión, identidad o estrategias de una organización(fundamento), cuyo propósito es promover, generar o mejorarla relación entre ella y sus públicos o entornos’. Esto es similar a las tendencias históricas en la literatura, e implica una mirada que combina aspectos autorreferentes en el fundamento, y autorreferentes en el propósito. Sin embargo, hay una diferencia importante con un sector de la literatura que sostiene que el propósito de esta disciplina debiera ser aportar al cumplimiento de las estrategias de la organización, lo que, a nuestro juicio,configuraría una perspectiva totalmente autorreferente.
This article revisits the debate that emerged at the beginning of this century regarding the characteristics of strategic communication as a discipline. Based on a literature review, three key variables are proposed for a conceptual definition: its activity (what it entails), its foundation (whom it serves), and its purpose (what it seeks to achieve). A subsequent study was conducted with five leading consulting firms in Chile, exploring their onceptualization of the field and the ways in which their definitions align with their services. The findings show that these firms understand strategic communication as an “integrated management of communication resources (activity), guided by the mission, identity, or strategies of an organization (foundation), whose purpose is to promote, generate, or strengthen the relationship between the organization and its publics or environments.” This view is consistent with historical trends in the literature and reflects an approach that combines self-referential aspects in its foundation with other- referential aspects in its purpose. However, it differs from a sector of the literature that argues the discipline’s purpose should be to contribute directly to the fulfillment of organizational strategies—a perspective that, in our view, would render it entirely self-referential.
This article revisits the debate that emerged at the beginning of this century regarding the characteristics of strategic communication as a discipline. Based on a literature review, three key variables are proposed for a conceptual definition: its activity (what it entails), its foundation (whom it serves), and its purpose (what it seeks to achieve). A subsequent study was conducted with five leading consulting firms in Chile, exploring their onceptualization of the field and the ways in which their definitions align with their services. The findings show that these firms understand strategic communication as an “integrated management of communication resources (activity), guided by the mission, identity, or strategies of an organization (foundation), whose purpose is to promote, generate, or strengthen the relationship between the organization and its publics or environments.” This view is consistent with historical trends in the literature and reflects an approach that combines self-referential aspects in its foundation with other- referential aspects in its purpose. However, it differs from a sector of the literature that argues the discipline’s purpose should be to contribute directly to the fulfillment of organizational strategies—a perspective that, in our view, would render it entirely self-referential.
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