Las formas de ciudadanía en la vejez : un análisis de las políticas, las biografías y las subjetividades de las personas mayores en la ciudad de Santa Fe durante el cambio de siglo
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Resumen
En el contexto de cambio de siglo, la presente tesis doctoral interroga las formas de ciudadanía en la
vejez, en su vínculo con las políticas sociales y desde la vida cotidiana. El trabajo de investigación se
llevó a cabo durante los años 2017-2022 y tomó a la ciudad de Santa Fe como territorio de referencia
empírica. Para su desarrollo, se adoptó un enfoque teórico-metodológico comprensivista, que
operacionalizó el estudio de la ciudadanía en tres dimensiones de análisis: las políticas de vejez, las
trayectorias biográficas de las personas mayores y sus experiencias subjetivas. Se utilizó una
estrategia metodológica cualitativa, con una orientación interpretativa, fenomenológica y biográfica,
combinando técnicas como entrevistas a referentes clave, análisis documental, historias de vida y
observaciones etnográficas.
El examen de las políticas permitió comprender las posturas adoptadas por el Estado, a nivel nacional
y subnacional, respecto a la cuestión de la vejez, así como reconstruir los itinerarios que siguieron las
políticas de vejez en la ciudad. Por otro lado, la mirada longitudinal de las trayectorias biográficas
contribuyó a contextualizar el proceso de envejecimiento de las personas en el marco histórico y
sociocultural del cambio de siglo, explorando también cómo sus recorridos vitales y experiencias
previas con las políticas sociales definen sus "pertenencias" y "exclusiones" en la vejez; mientras que,
el análisis de las experiencias subjetivas, permitió recuperar las perspectivas de las personas mayores,
especialmente sus razonamientos evaluativos sobre el Estado, el mundo público, la justicia y los
derechos.
Los resultados se enfocaron en mostrar las formas “concretas” en que se experimenta la ciudadanía
en la vejez, con el objetivo de contribuir a una comprensión más profunda de cómo la pertenencia de
las personas mayores al cuerpo político del Estado-nación se materializa en la vida cotidiana, más
allá del reconocimiento formal y abstracto de sus derechos y deberes. De este modo, la tesis pretende
hacer un aporte a la ciencia política, desde una perspectiva subestimada dentro de la disciplina, basada
en el análisis del relato directo de los ciudadanos, de su experiencia vivida y su significado atribuido.
Asimismo, busca “dar voz” a las personas mayores en una cultura que tiende a excluirlas y
discriminarlas, en un momento histórico en el que se revelan -como nunca antes- como sujetos
políticos y de derechos.
In the context of the turn of the century, this doctoral thesis questions the forms of citizenship in old age, in its link with social policies and from everyday life. The research work was carried out during the years 2017-2022 and took the city of Santa Fe as an empirical reference territory. For its development, a comprehensive theoretical-methodological approach was adopted, which operationalized the study of citizenship in three dimensions of analysis: old age policies, the biographical trajectories of the elderly and their subjective experiences. A qualitative methodological strategy was used, with an interpretative, phenomenological and biographical orientation, combining techniques such as interviews with key referents, documentary analysis, life stories and ethnographic observations. The examination of the policies made it possible to understand the positions adopted by the State, at the national and subnational level, regarding old age, as well as to reconstruct the itineraries that the old age policies followed in the city. On the other hand, the longitudinal view of biographical trajectories contributed to contextualize the aging process of people in the historical and sociocultural framework of the turn of the century, also exploring how their life paths and previous experiences with social policies define their "belongings" and "exclusions" in old age; while, the analysis of subjective experiences, allowed to recover the perspectives of the elderly, emphasizing their evaluative reasoning about the State, the public world, justice and rights. The results focused on showing the "real" ways in which citizenship is experienced in old age, with the aim of contributing to a deeper understanding of how the belonging of the elderly to the body politic of the nation-state materializes in the daily life, beyond the formal and abstract recognition of their rights and duties. In this way, it intends to make a contribution to political science, from an underestimated perspective within the discipline, based on the analysis of the direct narrative of citizens, their lived experience and their attributed meaning. Likewise, the work seeks to "give a voice" to the elderly in a culture that tends to exclude and discriminate against them, in a historical moment in which they are revealed -as never before- as political subjects and rights holders.
In the context of the turn of the century, this doctoral thesis questions the forms of citizenship in old age, in its link with social policies and from everyday life. The research work was carried out during the years 2017-2022 and took the city of Santa Fe as an empirical reference territory. For its development, a comprehensive theoretical-methodological approach was adopted, which operationalized the study of citizenship in three dimensions of analysis: old age policies, the biographical trajectories of the elderly and their subjective experiences. A qualitative methodological strategy was used, with an interpretative, phenomenological and biographical orientation, combining techniques such as interviews with key referents, documentary analysis, life stories and ethnographic observations. The examination of the policies made it possible to understand the positions adopted by the State, at the national and subnational level, regarding old age, as well as to reconstruct the itineraries that the old age policies followed in the city. On the other hand, the longitudinal view of biographical trajectories contributed to contextualize the aging process of people in the historical and sociocultural framework of the turn of the century, also exploring how their life paths and previous experiences with social policies define their "belongings" and "exclusions" in old age; while, the analysis of subjective experiences, allowed to recover the perspectives of the elderly, emphasizing their evaluative reasoning about the State, the public world, justice and rights. The results focused on showing the "real" ways in which citizenship is experienced in old age, with the aim of contributing to a deeper understanding of how the belonging of the elderly to the body politic of the nation-state materializes in the daily life, beyond the formal and abstract recognition of their rights and duties. In this way, it intends to make a contribution to political science, from an underestimated perspective within the discipline, based on the analysis of the direct narrative of citizens, their lived experience and their attributed meaning. Likewise, the work seeks to "give a voice" to the elderly in a culture that tends to exclude and discriminate against them, in a historical moment in which they are revealed -as never before- as political subjects and rights holders.

