La retórica en cuestión
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios de Teoría y Crítica Literaria
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Este ensayo se origina en una lectura del libro Barthes en cuestión,
que incluye un artículo de Paul de Man a propósito del pensamiento
barthesiano y otro de Judith Podlubne a propósito de la lectura demaniana
de Barthes. A partir de allí, procuro continuar pensando las tensiones entre
Barthes y de Man a partir de la siguiente hipótesis: la historia de la teoría
literaria es la historia de una auto-impugnación de sus fundamentos ante al
reconocimiento de la falta de correspondencia entre el signo y la cosa;
reconocimiento que abrió camino a una incesante interacción entre la teoría
de la lectura y el retorno de la retórica —abandonada en el siglo XIX—. En este
marco, las diferencias entre Barthes y de Man se basan en las diferentes
modalidades de retórica que asumen (de la elocutio, en uno; de los tropos, en
el otro) y sus consecuentes críticas (una crítica como literatura, en uno; una
epistemología negativa de la lectura, en el otro).
This essay derives from a reading of the book Barthes en cuestión, which includes an article by Paul de Man on Barthesian thought and an article by Judith Podlubne on de Man's reading of Barthes. From that point, I try to continue thinking about the tensions between Barthes and de Man considering the following hypothesis: the history of literary theory is the history of a self-challenge of its foundations before the akcnowledgment of the lack of correspondence between sign and thing; akcnowledgment that opened the way to an incessant interaction between the theory of reading and the return of rhetoric —abandoned in the 19th century—. In this context, the differences between Barthes and de Man are based on the different modes of rhetoric they assume (of elocutio, in the first of them; of tropes, in the other one) and their consequent criticisms (a criticism as literature, in the first of them; a negative epistemology of reading, in the other one).
This essay derives from a reading of the book Barthes en cuestión, which includes an article by Paul de Man on Barthesian thought and an article by Judith Podlubne on de Man's reading of Barthes. From that point, I try to continue thinking about the tensions between Barthes and de Man considering the following hypothesis: the history of literary theory is the history of a self-challenge of its foundations before the akcnowledgment of the lack of correspondence between sign and thing; akcnowledgment that opened the way to an incessant interaction between the theory of reading and the return of rhetoric —abandoned in the 19th century—. In this context, the differences between Barthes and de Man are based on the different modes of rhetoric they assume (of elocutio, in the first of them; of tropes, in the other one) and their consequent criticisms (a criticism as literature, in the first of them; a negative epistemology of reading, in the other one).
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