Análisis de la respuesta de defensa inducida por actinobacterias autóctonas en plantas de soja
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Resumen
Actualmente la soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] es el principal cultivo oleaginoso producido y
consumido en el mundo. Sin embargo, diferentes limitaciones bióticas y abióticas amenazan
su producción. El control biológico y la promoción del crecimiento y desarrollo vegetal
estimulados por microorganismos benéficos del suelo han demostrado ser una alternativa
efectiva, y ambientalmente sostenible, para aumentar el rendimiento de diversos cultivos y
asegurar una mejora en el estado sanitario vegetal. Por lo tanto, la identificación y
caracterización de los integrantes de la comunidad microbiana asociados al cultivo es un
primer paso fundamental para el desarrollo de nuevos bioinsumos. Nuestro grupo de trabajo
viene trabajando en la caracterización de cepas del género Streptomyces aisladas de suelo y
rizósfera de plantas de soja de la zona sojera núcleo de Argentina. En este trabajo de Tesina,
inicialmente se analizó la incidencia de dos cepas rizosféricas de dicho género sobre etapas
tempranas del establecimiento de la planta. Luego, se estudió el efecto generado sobre el
crecimiento y desarrollo en plantas de soja pre y post inoculación con Diaporthe aspalathi.
Por otro lado, se estudió la capacidad biocontroladora in vivo frente a los hongos
fitopatógenos D. aspalathi y Macrophomina phaseolina analizando el progreso de las
enfermedades en el tiempo a través de la aparición de síntomas típicos. Nuestra perspectiva
a futuro es poder obtener un producto biológico de bajo impacto ambiental formulado a partir
de cepas bacterianas rizosféricas que tenga la capacidad de reducir la incidencia de diferentes
enfermedades y de promover el crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de soja, tendiendo a
reemplazar los productos agroquímicos utilizados actualmente.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is currently the main oilseed crop produced and consumed in the world. However, different biotic and abiotic limitations threaten the production. Biological control and the promotion of plant growth and development stimulated by beneficial soil microorganisms, have proven to be an effective and environmentally sustainable alternative to increase the crops yield and ensure an improvement in plant health. Therefore, the identification and characterization of the members of the microbial community where the crop is located is a fundamental first step for the development of new bio-inputs. Our group has been working on the characterization of strains of the genus Streptomyces isolated from the soil and rhizosphere of soybean plants from the core soybean zone of Argentina. In this Thesis work, the incidence of two rhizospheric strains of said genus on early stages of plant establishment was initially analyzed. Then, the effect generated on growth and development in soybean plants before and after inoculation with Diaporthe aspalathi was studied. On the other hand, the in vivo biocontrol capacity against the phytopathogenic fungi D. aspalathi and Macrophomina phaseolina was studied, analyzing the progress of the diseases over time through the appearance of typical symptoms. Our perspective for the future is to be able to obtain a biological product with low environmental impact formulated from rhizospheric bacterial strains that has the ability to reduce the incidence of different diseases and promote the growth and development of soybean crops, tending to replace agrochemical products. currently used.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is currently the main oilseed crop produced and consumed in the world. However, different biotic and abiotic limitations threaten the production. Biological control and the promotion of plant growth and development stimulated by beneficial soil microorganisms, have proven to be an effective and environmentally sustainable alternative to increase the crops yield and ensure an improvement in plant health. Therefore, the identification and characterization of the members of the microbial community where the crop is located is a fundamental first step for the development of new bio-inputs. Our group has been working on the characterization of strains of the genus Streptomyces isolated from the soil and rhizosphere of soybean plants from the core soybean zone of Argentina. In this Thesis work, the incidence of two rhizospheric strains of said genus on early stages of plant establishment was initially analyzed. Then, the effect generated on growth and development in soybean plants before and after inoculation with Diaporthe aspalathi was studied. On the other hand, the in vivo biocontrol capacity against the phytopathogenic fungi D. aspalathi and Macrophomina phaseolina was studied, analyzing the progress of the diseases over time through the appearance of typical symptoms. Our perspective for the future is to be able to obtain a biological product with low environmental impact formulated from rhizospheric bacterial strains that has the ability to reduce the incidence of different diseases and promote the growth and development of soybean crops, tending to replace agrochemical products. currently used.
