La dialéctica de la exclusión y de la inclusión en las sociedades democráticas
Archivos
Fecha
2010-08
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Resumen
Las sociedades democráticas han insertado
en su seno las múltiples diferencias que el liberalismo mantuvo neutralizadas en una esfera
no-política. Pero esta inclusión presenta problemas. Primero, porque se trata de sociedades altamente conflictivas. Al pensarse las diferencias
en términos de igualdad, se dificulta, particularmente en los casos de diferencias insolubles, la
conformación de criterios compartidos para una
estrategia pacífica de resolución de conflictos.
Segundo, porque la política democrática se basa
en el consenso, por lo que se busca alguna forma de homogeneización que excluya aquellas
diferencias atentatorias de la unidad. Vemos así
que el relativismo que caracteriza en su base a
toda democracia no hace más que cuestionar la
constitución de universales a partir de los cuales
pensar la política. Esta paradoja constituye uno
de los mayores riesgos que se deben enfrentar,
ya que según como se la resuelva será la dinámica de exclusión e inclusión.
Democratic societies have included inside them all those differences that liberalism neutralized, holding them up in a non-political sphere. This inclusion presents us big problems. First, because they are strongly conflictive societies. The fact of considering differences being in a condition of equality among them makes it difficult the common elaboration of shared criterions for the pacific solution of controversies. Secondly, because democratic politics is based on consensus, so it is always needed any form of homogenization. And this is achieved by the exclusion of those differences that threaten unity. As we can see, relativism, which characterizes democracy in its base, put in question the constitution of universals, needed to think politics. This paradox inserted in the notion of democracy is one of the biggest risks to be face, because exclusion and inclusion logic depends on its solution.
Democratic societies have included inside them all those differences that liberalism neutralized, holding them up in a non-political sphere. This inclusion presents us big problems. First, because they are strongly conflictive societies. The fact of considering differences being in a condition of equality among them makes it difficult the common elaboration of shared criterions for the pacific solution of controversies. Secondly, because democratic politics is based on consensus, so it is always needed any form of homogenization. And this is achieved by the exclusion of those differences that threaten unity. As we can see, relativism, which characterizes democracy in its base, put in question the constitution of universals, needed to think politics. This paradox inserted in the notion of democracy is one of the biggest risks to be face, because exclusion and inclusion logic depends on its solution.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Inclusión, Exclusión, Diferencia, Espacio común, Racionalización, Inclusion, Exclusion, Difference, Common space, Rationalization