El rol del cooperativismo agropecuario en la provincia de Santa Fe en los siglos XX y XXI
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2019-11-27
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Las cooperativas agropecuarias en el territorio nacional como en la provincia de Santa Fe surgieron como una estrategia colectiva para revertir una situación histórica de debilidad de los pequeños y medianos productores rurales. Frente a la desventaja en la comercialización individual, estas instituciones se constituyeron como un factor de empoderamiento de los chacareros que –al eliminar la intermediación del privado– eran ellos mismos quienes directamente vendían su producción.
Mediante estudios de casos se avanzó en los condicionantes y factores que facilitaron el despliegue del sector en el ámbito agrario argentino, poniendo en evidencia la clara filiación entre el mismo y el proceso migratorio abierto desde mediados del siglo XIX. Si bien las primeras experiencias cooperativas en nuestro país surgieron hacia fines del siglo XIX, podemos marcar como momento de auge del cooperativismo agrario pampeano al período que abarca entre 1922 y 1956. A partir del cambio de las condiciones internacionales, macroeconómicas y sectoriales hacia finales del siglo XX el sector pierde poder y atraviesan un proceso de quiebra y desaparición que se inicia con las políticas adoptadas con el gobierno militar de 1976. Las nuevas condiciones de la economía globalizada requieren que estas organizaciones sean competitivas y eficientes para insertarse en el mercado para lo cual deben adoptar estrategias e instrumentos y transformar su modus operandi. El reto para estas entidades es lograrlo sin perder de vista los principios, valores y el rol socioeconómico que las diferencian de las empresas de capital privado.
Agricultural cooperatives in the national territory as in the province of Santa Fe emerged as a collective strategy to reverse a historical situation of weakness of small and medium rural producers. Faced with the disadvantage in individual commercialization, these institutions were constituted as a factor of empowerment of the farmers who, by eliminating the intermediation of the private sector, themselves were directly selling their production. Through case studies progress was made in the conditions and factors that facilitated the deployment of the sector in the Argentine agricultural field, highlighting the clear affiliation between it and the open migration process since the mid-nineteenth century. Although the first cooperative experiences in our country arose towards the end of the 19th century, we can mark the period between 1922 and 1956 as the height of the agricultural cooperative movement in Pampas. From the change in international, macroeconomic and sectoral conditions towards the end of the 20th century the sector loses power and goes through a process of bankruptcy and disappearance that begins with the policies adopted with the 1976 military government. The new conditions of the globalized economy require that these organizations be competitive and efficient to enter the market for which should adopt strategies and instruments and transform their modus operandi. The challenge for these entities is to achieve this without losing sight of the principles, values and socioeconomic role that differentiate them from private equity companies.
Agricultural cooperatives in the national territory as in the province of Santa Fe emerged as a collective strategy to reverse a historical situation of weakness of small and medium rural producers. Faced with the disadvantage in individual commercialization, these institutions were constituted as a factor of empowerment of the farmers who, by eliminating the intermediation of the private sector, themselves were directly selling their production. Through case studies progress was made in the conditions and factors that facilitated the deployment of the sector in the Argentine agricultural field, highlighting the clear affiliation between it and the open migration process since the mid-nineteenth century. Although the first cooperative experiences in our country arose towards the end of the 19th century, we can mark the period between 1922 and 1956 as the height of the agricultural cooperative movement in Pampas. From the change in international, macroeconomic and sectoral conditions towards the end of the 20th century the sector loses power and goes through a process of bankruptcy and disappearance that begins with the policies adopted with the 1976 military government. The new conditions of the globalized economy require that these organizations be competitive and efficient to enter the market for which should adopt strategies and instruments and transform their modus operandi. The challenge for these entities is to achieve this without losing sight of the principles, values and socioeconomic role that differentiate them from private equity companies.
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Cooperativismo agropecuario, Santa Fe, Siglos XX y XXI, Agricultural Cooperativism, XX and XXI centuries