Detección de marcadores moleculares asociados a la androesterilidad génica en Cynara cardunculus L.
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La especie Cynara cardunculus L., perteneciente a la familia Asteraceae, incluye tres
variedades botánicas, completamente inter-fértiles: scolymus (alcaucil), altilis (cardo cultivado) y
sylvestris (cardo silvestre). La producción de alcaucil fue tradicionalmente llevada a cabo
mediante propagación vegetativa por medio de hijuelos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha
observado una tendencia a la utilización de cultivares propagados mediante semilla, dado que
muestran buenos rendimientos y no presentan los problemas fitosanitarios propios de la
propagación vegetativa. En este contexto, la producción de semillas híbridas resulta de interés
ya que permite explotar el fenómeno de heterosis generando materiales de elevados
rendimientos. La emasculación manual es una práctica extremadamente difícil, por lo tanto, es
esencial contar con un sistema de andoresterilidad que permita una producción eficiente de
híbridos. En el género, Cynara, sólo se han reportado casos de androesterilidad de tipo génica
en el alcaucil; sin embargo, las bases de este fenómeno no han sido establecidas. El objetivo
del presente proyecto de tesis fue dilucidar la herencia de la androesterilidad en Cynara
cardunculus L. combinando la tecnología SRAP (Sequence related amplified polymorphism) y la
estrategia de análisis de segregantes agrupados (BSA) con el fin de identificar marcadores
moleculares asociados al gen ms, factibles de ser aplicados en programas de mejoramiento de
la especie. Se desarrolló una población segregante para el carácter a partir de un progenitor
alcaucil androestéril y un cardo cultivado como progenitor fértil. En la población F2 estudiada, la
segregación del gen se ajustó al modelo de segregación monogénico (3:1), revelando que un
único gen (ms) en estado de homocigosis recesiva determina la condición de androestéril en
esta población. Se encontraron tres marcadores SRAP asociados al gen ms. El marcador más
cercano (SRAP 7-10.1774) fue estimado a una distancia de 0,5 cM del gen ms mientras que los
otros (SRAP 4-9-332 y SRAP 4-9.700), a 4,3 cM y 13,9 cM, respectivamente
Cynara cardunculus L., member of the Asteraceae family, includes three botanical varieties, fully-inter-fertile: scolymus (globe artichoke), altilis (cultivated cardoon) and sylvestris (wild cardoon). The artichoke production was traditionally carried out through vegetative propagation using offshoots or suckers. However, several new seed propagated cultivars have been developed in recent years, which showed high yield and ruled out phytosanitary problems inherent to vegetative propagation. In this context, hybrid seeds production, which exploits the heterosis phenomenon producing high performance plants, is of global interest. Manual emasculation is extremely difficult; therefore, it is essential to have a male-sterility system to achieve an efficient hybrids production. In Cynara genus, genic male sterility was reported only in globe artichoke but the genetic bases of this phenomenon are poorly explored. The objective of this work was to elucidate the inheritance of genetic male sterility in Cynara cardunculus L. combining SRAP technology and a BSA approach and to identify molecular markers associated to ms genes, feasible to be applied for MAS in breeding. Segregation of the male sterility in our F2 population fit to a monogenic segregation model (3:1), revealing that only one gene (ms) is responsible, in homozygous recessive stage, to determine male sterile plants. Three SRAP markers linked to the ms gene were found. The nearest marker (SRAP 7-10.1774) was estimated to be 0.5 cM from the ms gene whereas the others (SRAP 4-9.332 and SRAP 4- 9.700) were linked at 4.3 cM and 13.9 cM, respectively.
Cynara cardunculus L., member of the Asteraceae family, includes three botanical varieties, fully-inter-fertile: scolymus (globe artichoke), altilis (cultivated cardoon) and sylvestris (wild cardoon). The artichoke production was traditionally carried out through vegetative propagation using offshoots or suckers. However, several new seed propagated cultivars have been developed in recent years, which showed high yield and ruled out phytosanitary problems inherent to vegetative propagation. In this context, hybrid seeds production, which exploits the heterosis phenomenon producing high performance plants, is of global interest. Manual emasculation is extremely difficult; therefore, it is essential to have a male-sterility system to achieve an efficient hybrids production. In Cynara genus, genic male sterility was reported only in globe artichoke but the genetic bases of this phenomenon are poorly explored. The objective of this work was to elucidate the inheritance of genetic male sterility in Cynara cardunculus L. combining SRAP technology and a BSA approach and to identify molecular markers associated to ms genes, feasible to be applied for MAS in breeding. Segregation of the male sterility in our F2 population fit to a monogenic segregation model (3:1), revealing that only one gene (ms) is responsible, in homozygous recessive stage, to determine male sterile plants. Three SRAP markers linked to the ms gene were found. The nearest marker (SRAP 7-10.1774) was estimated to be 0.5 cM from the ms gene whereas the others (SRAP 4-9.332 and SRAP 4- 9.700) were linked at 4.3 cM and 13.9 cM, respectively.
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