Radio measurements of the depth of air-shower maximum at the Pierre Auger Observatory

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dc.citation.titlePhysical Review D
dc.citation.volume1-24
dc.citation.volume109
dc.creatorBinet, V.
dc.creatorMicheletti, M. I.
dc.creatorThe Pierre Auger collaboration
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-20T14:34:57Z
dc.date.available2024-02-20T14:34:57Z
dc.date.issued2023-01-08
dc.description.abstractThe Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA), part of the Pierre Auger Observatory, is currently the largest array of radio antenna stations deployed for the detection of cosmic rays, spanning an area of 17 km2 with 153 radio stations. It detects the radio emission of extensive air showers produced by cosmic rays in the 30-80 MHz band. Here, we report the AERA measurements of the depth of the shower maximum (Xmax), a probe for mass composition, at cosmic-ray energies between 1017.5 and 1018.8 eV, which show agreement with earlier measurements with the fluorescence technique at the Pierre Auger Observatory. We show advancements in the method for radio Xmax reconstruction by comparison to dedicated sets of corsika/coreas air-shower simulations, including steps of reconstruction-bias identification and correction, which is of particular importance for irregular or sparse radio arrays. Using the largest set of radio air-shower measurements to date, we show the radio Xmax resolution as a function of energy, reaching a resolution better than 15 g cm-2 at the highest energies, demonstrating that radio Xmax measurements are competitive with the established high-precision fluorescence technique. In addition, we developed a procedure for performing an extensive data-driven study of systematic uncertainties, including the effects of acceptance bias, reconstruction bias, and the investigation of possible residual biases. These results have been cross-checked with air showers measured independently with both the radio and fluorescence techniques, a setup unique to the Pierre Auger Observatory.
dc.description.filFil: Binet, V. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFIR-CONICET); Argentina.
dc.description.filFil: Micheletti, M. I. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFIR-CONICET); Argentina.
dc.description.sponsorshipComisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT)
dc.description.sponsorshipConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
dc.description.sponsorshipGobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza
dc.description.sponsorshipMunicipalidad de Malargüe
dc.description.sponsorshipthe Australian Research Council
dc.description.sponsorshipFonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
dc.description.sponsorshipResearch Foundation Flanders (FWO)
dc.description.sponsorshipMarie Curie Action of the European Union: No. 101107047
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.sponsorshipFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
dc.description.sponsorshipSão Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP): No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6, No. 1999/05404-3
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC)
dc.description.sponsorshipCentre de Calcul IN2P3/ CNRS
dc.description.sponsorshipCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
dc.description.sponsorshipConseil Régional Ile-de-France
dc.description.sponsorshipDépartement Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire PNC-IN2P3/CNRS
dc.description.sponsorshipDépartement Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS)
dc.description.sponsorshipInstitut Lagrange de Paris (ILP): No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63
dc.description.sponsorshipInvestissements d’Avenir Programme: No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02
dc.description.sponsorshipBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
dc.description.sponsorshipDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
dc.description.sponsorshipFinanzministerium Baden-Württemberg
dc.description.sponsorshipHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)
dc.description.sponsorshipHelmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
dc.description.sponsorshipForschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Württemberg
dc.description.sponsorshipIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
dc.description.sponsorshipIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR)
dc.description.sponsorshipCETEMPS Center of Excellence
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistero degli Affari Esteri (MAE)
dc.description.sponsorshipICSC Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High
dc.description.sponsorshipPerformance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union NextGeneration
dc.description.sponsorshipConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT): No. 167733
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Education, Culture and Science
dc.description.sponsorshipNetherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
dc.description.sponsorshipDutch national e-infrastructure
dc.description.sponsorshipSURF Cooperative
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Education and Science: No. DIR/WK/2018/11, No. 2022/WK/12
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Centre: No. 2016/22/M/ST9/00198, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, No. 2020/39/B/ST9/01398, No. 2022/45/B/ST9/02163
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE)
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Research, Innovation and Digitization: No. 30N/2023
dc.description.sponsorshipRomanian National Core Program LAPLAS VII: No. PN 23 21 01 02, No. PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-0924/TE57/2022
dc.description.sponsorshipSlovenian Research Agency: No. P1-0031, No. P1-0385, No. I0-0033, No. N1-0111
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad: No. FPA2017-85114-P, No.PID2019–104676 GB-C32)
dc.description.sponsorshipXunta de Galicia: No. ED431C 2017/07
dc.description.sponsorshipJunta de Andalucía: No. SOMM17/6104/UGR, P18-FR-4314
dc.description.sponsorshipRENATA Red Nacional Temática de Astropartículas: No. FPA2015-68783-REDT
dc.description.sponsorshipMaría de Maeztu Unit of Excellence: No. MDM-2016-0692
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Energy Contracts: No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DEFG02-99ER41107, No. DE-SC0011689
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation: No. 0450696
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Grainger Foundation
dc.description.sponsorshipMarie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Particle Physics Latin American Network
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Energy Contracts: No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DEFG02-99ER41107, No. DE-SC0011689
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation: No. 0450696
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Grainger Foundation
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Particle Physics Latin American Network
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
dc.identifier.issn2470-0010
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2133/26706
dc.language.isoes
dc.publisherAmerican Physical Society
dc.relation.ispartofserieshttps://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.022002
dc.relation.ispartofserieshttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.022002
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.022002
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.022002
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.rights.holderThe Pierre Auger collaboration
dc.rights.holderBinet, V.
dc.rights.holderMicheletti, M. I.
dc.rights.holderUniversidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
dc.rights.textCC BY 4.0 DEED Attribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCosmic ray showers
dc.subjectCosmos
dc.subjectRadio emission
dc.titleRadio measurements of the depth of air-shower maximum at the Pierre Auger Observatory
dc.typearticulo
dc.type.collectionarticulo
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion

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