RELACIÓN ENTRE EL ITCRM Y EL SALDO INTERNACIONAL DE TURISTAS
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Esta investigación analiza el impacto del Índice de Tipo de Cambio Real Multilateral (ITCRM) sobre el turismo internacional en Argentina y su repercusión en la balanza de servicios del Banco Central de la República Argentina (BCRA). El objetivo principal es demostrar la existencia de una relación causal entre el nivel cambiario y el comportamiento del turismo emisivo y receptivo, aportando información macroeconómica útil para la planificación financiera de las empresas turísticas. Metodológicamente, se adopta un enfoque cuantitativo basado en el análisis de datos secundarios provenientes de series estadísticas del BCRA y del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (Indec) para el período 2016-2026. Los resultados evidencian una correlación inversa y significativa entre el ITCRM y el volumen de egresos netos de divisas: las fases de apreciación cambiaria y retraso real impulsan drásticamente el turismo emisivo, profundizando el déficit en la cuenta "Viajes" (el cual escaló a USD 2.846 millones en 2024), mientras que niveles elevados de ITCRM (cercanos a 120) equilibran el sector externo. Se concluye que la competitividad macroeconómica condiciona de forma sistémica la rentabilidad del sector, superando las ventajas estáticas de los destinos, por lo que se recomienda incorporar la variable cambiaria en la gestión estratégica empresarial y en el diseño de políticas públicas sectoriales.
This research analyzes the impact of the Multilateral Real Exchange Rate Index (MRERI) on international tourism in Argentina and its repercussions on the services balance of the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (BCRA). The main objective is to demonstrate a causal relationship between the exchange rate level and the behavior of outbound and inbound tourism, providing useful macroeconomic data for the financial planning of tourism companies. Methodologically, a quantitative approach is adopted based on the analysis of secondary data from statistical series of the BCRA and the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Indec) for the 2016-2026 period. The results show an inverse and significant correlation between the MRERI and the volume of net foreign exchange outflows: phases of currency appreciation and real lag drastically drive outbound tourism, deepening the deficit in the "Travel" account (which escalated to USD 2,846 million in 2024), whereas high MRERI levels (close to 120) balance the external sector. It is concluded that macroeconomic competitiveness systemically conditions sector profitability, overriding the static advantages of destinations, and therefore recommending the inclusion of the exchange rate variable in strategic business management and the design of sectoral public policies.
This research analyzes the impact of the Multilateral Real Exchange Rate Index (MRERI) on international tourism in Argentina and its repercussions on the services balance of the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (BCRA). The main objective is to demonstrate a causal relationship between the exchange rate level and the behavior of outbound and inbound tourism, providing useful macroeconomic data for the financial planning of tourism companies. Methodologically, a quantitative approach is adopted based on the analysis of secondary data from statistical series of the BCRA and the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Indec) for the 2016-2026 period. The results show an inverse and significant correlation between the MRERI and the volume of net foreign exchange outflows: phases of currency appreciation and real lag drastically drive outbound tourism, deepening the deficit in the "Travel" account (which escalated to USD 2,846 million in 2024), whereas high MRERI levels (close to 120) balance the external sector. It is concluded that macroeconomic competitiveness systemically conditions sector profitability, overriding the static advantages of destinations, and therefore recommending the inclusion of the exchange rate variable in strategic business management and the design of sectoral public policies.
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