Proyecciones sobre el habitante “deseable”. Colonos, inmigrantes y comunidades nativas en áreas de la “frontera interior”
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El artículo analiza los diversos proyectos civilizatorios propuestos por las dirigencias argentinas en la búsqueda de un habitante “deseado”. Se cuestiona el éxito de un proceso de “suplantación interétnica” que se habría producido en la Argentina durante el último cuarto del siglo XIX, a través del caso específico de los desplazamientos sociales ocurridos en la región de la Norpatagonia como expresión de la denominada “frontera interior”. Se parte de la hipótesis que la imagen construida de un “vacío desértico”, tanto geográfico como humano, que se realizó sobre la invisibilización de los pueblos originarios fue operada por las clases dirigentes argentinas en una estrategia que devino en la justificación de incorporar como forma de poblamiento a nuevos actores sociales con las características pretendidas de “civilización y progreso”, para afianzar a una sociedad y un Estado nacional que estaban en pleno proceso de construcción. Así, en la lógica de la mentalidad decimonónica se recurría a la herramienta de la inmigración como un agente ideal para introducir una ausente “modernidad” y completar el vacío poblacional producido por el etnocidio de las comunidades originarias. Para estas visiones, los inmigrantes se convertirían en agentes de vanguardia en términos de “colonos y pioneros” con el objetivo de ganar para la “civilización” los territorios expropiados a las comunidades nativas.
Th is article analyzes the various civilizing projects proposed by the Argentinean leaders in the search for the “desirable” inhabitants. It questions the success of a process of “ethnic replacement” that occurred in Argentina during the last quarter of the 19th century by focussing on the specifi c case of social displacements that took place in the Northern Patagonian region as an expression of the so-called “internal border”. It starts from the assumption that the constructed image of a “desert void”, both in geographical and human terms, leading to the invisibility of indigenous peoples, was promoted by the Argentine ruling class in a strategy designed to justify the incorporation, for settlement purposes, of new social actors with the alleged characteristics of “civilization and progress” in order to strengthen a society and a nation state that were in the process of construction. Th us, in accordance with the logic of the 19th century mentality, the tool of immigration was used as an ideal agent to introduce a missing “modernity” and to fi ll the population void produced by the ethnocide of indigenous communities. In that view the immigrants would become vanguard agents as “settlers and pioneers” with the aim of gaining for “civilization” territories expropriated from native communities.
Th is article analyzes the various civilizing projects proposed by the Argentinean leaders in the search for the “desirable” inhabitants. It questions the success of a process of “ethnic replacement” that occurred in Argentina during the last quarter of the 19th century by focussing on the specifi c case of social displacements that took place in the Northern Patagonian region as an expression of the so-called “internal border”. It starts from the assumption that the constructed image of a “desert void”, both in geographical and human terms, leading to the invisibility of indigenous peoples, was promoted by the Argentine ruling class in a strategy designed to justify the incorporation, for settlement purposes, of new social actors with the alleged characteristics of “civilization and progress” in order to strengthen a society and a nation state that were in the process of construction. Th us, in accordance with the logic of the 19th century mentality, the tool of immigration was used as an ideal agent to introduce a missing “modernity” and to fi ll the population void produced by the ethnocide of indigenous communities. In that view the immigrants would become vanguard agents as “settlers and pioneers” with the aim of gaining for “civilization” territories expropriated from native communities.
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