De hebreos a israelíes : la memoria impuesta
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios Sobre Diversidad Cultural
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En el relato oficial sobre el pasado remoto del pueblo judío y del Estado
de Israel, los distintos episodios de la Biblia hebrea son presentados
como crónicas pormenorizadas de procesos socio-históricos verificables.
La (re)construcción histórica a partir de tradiciones extraídas del ámbito
religioso, pero leídas en clave secular, difiere sensiblemente de los
criterios consensuados por la comunidad académica que los modernos
Estados occidentales sostienen. Esta singular forma de elaborar el relato
sobre el pasado y de enseñarlo en circuitos educativos, cobra un sentido
particular si es considerada en el contexto de su creación, vinculada al
surgimiento de los Estados nacionales y los nacionalismos. Siguiendo el
ejemplo de los nacionalismos europeos, el sionismo político se abocó a la
tarea de construir un sentimiento de pueblo unificado, y la articulación
en su discurso de los registros académico y religioso respondió a dicha
necesidad. En la actualidad, superados los desafíos que la era de los
nacionalismos planteaba, el modo de evocar el pasado, que no transcribe,
sin más, el relato que emerge del ámbito religioso, pero tampoco atiende
al método de reconstrucción del pasado propio del ámbito académico,
continúa siendo reproducido como propiamente histórico. Un análisis de
la relación/distinción entre historia y memoria y la necesidad específica
de legitimación del Estado de Israel, puede aportar algunos elementos
para releer esta particular versión del pasado.
In the official narrative of the remote past of the Jewish people and the State of Israel, the different episodes of the Hebrew Bible are presented as detailed chronicles of verifiable socio-historical processes. The historical (re)construction made from religious traditions -read in a secular key- remarkably differs from the criteria shared by the academic community supported by modern western states. This singular way of narrating the past and teaching it in educational circuits acquires a special meaning when considered in the context of its creation, connected to the emergence of national states and nationalism. Taking the example of European nationalisms, political Zionism embarked itself in the task of building a unified sense of belonging to a people, and the articulation in its academic and religious discourses responded to that need. Currently, having overcome the challenges posed by the era of nationalisms, Zionism supports a kind of past which is considered as truly historical, even if, in practice, it avoids the academic method of reconstructing the past and strongly relies on the biblical narrative. An analysis of the relationship/distinction between history and memory and the specific need for legitimization of the State of Israel can provide some elements to re-read this particular version of the past.
In the official narrative of the remote past of the Jewish people and the State of Israel, the different episodes of the Hebrew Bible are presented as detailed chronicles of verifiable socio-historical processes. The historical (re)construction made from religious traditions -read in a secular key- remarkably differs from the criteria shared by the academic community supported by modern western states. This singular way of narrating the past and teaching it in educational circuits acquires a special meaning when considered in the context of its creation, connected to the emergence of national states and nationalism. Taking the example of European nationalisms, political Zionism embarked itself in the task of building a unified sense of belonging to a people, and the articulation in its academic and religious discourses responded to that need. Currently, having overcome the challenges posed by the era of nationalisms, Zionism supports a kind of past which is considered as truly historical, even if, in practice, it avoids the academic method of reconstructing the past and strongly relies on the biblical narrative. An analysis of the relationship/distinction between history and memory and the specific need for legitimization of the State of Israel can provide some elements to re-read this particular version of the past.
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