Metabarcording de comunidades bacterianas asociadas a poblaciones amazónicas de Drosophilia afectados por la perturbación de la selva primaria por prácticas agrícolas
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La selva primaria en la región amazónica cambia abruptamente debido al
desarrollo de la agricultura. No está bien establecido cómo reaccionan a estos
cambios las especies de drosófilas. El microbioma bacteriano puede estar relacionado
a la adaptación de la mosca al nuevo ambiente contribuyendo en su nutrición y
tolerancia inmune. Para evaluar el impacto de cambios permanentes al paisaje
selvático en la diversidad microbiana de moscas neotropicales, realizamos un análisis
metagenómico del gen 16S de especies bacterianas (metabarcoding) asociadas a dos
especies de moscas, Drosophila malerkotilana (especie cosmopolita y exótica) y
Drosophila sturtevanti (especie neotropical) encontradas en selva primaria y
ambientes agrícolas del estado de Pará, Brasil. Como control adicional y para evaluar
también la influencia del sustrato en la composición bacteriana de moscas, incluimos
en el análisis muestras de especies de moscas característicamente asociadas a
substratos alternativos a los frutos, Hirtodrosophila sp. (asociada a hongos) y
Drosophila speciosa (asociada a flores). Nuestros resultados sugieren que el ambiente
es un determinante importante de la comunidad bacteriana, mientras que la especie
de mosca no parece serlo. Adicionalmente, la diversidad bacteriana es mayor en
ambientes modificados donde existiría una mayor oferta de substratos. Esta mayor
diversidad bacteriana puede estar favoreciendo la nutrición de moscas y en última
instancia su adaptación al ambiente modificado.
The primary forest in the Amazon region changes abruptly due to the development of agriculture. It is not well established how species of drosophils react to these changes. The bacterial microbiome can affect the adaptation of the fly to the environment by contributing to its nutrition and immune tolerance. To evaluate the impact of permanent changes to the jungle landscape on the microbial diversity of neotropical flies, we performed a metagenomic analysis of the 16S gene of bacterial species (metabarcoding) associated with two species of flies, Drosophila malerkotilana (cosmopolitan and exotic species) and Drosophila sturtevanti (neotropical species) found in primary forest and agricultural environments of the state of Pará, Brazil. As an additional control, and in order to evaluate the influence of the substrate on the bacterial composition of flies, we also included in the analysis samples of drosophilic species characteristically associated with substrates alternative to fruit, Hirtodrosophila sp. (associated with fungi) and Drosophila speciosa (associated with flowers). Our results suggest that the environment is an important determinant of the bacterial community, whereas the fly species does not seem to have an impact on it. Additionally, bacterial diversity is greater in modified environments where a greater supply of substrates would be found. This greater bacterial diversity may be favoring the nutrition of flies and ultimately their adaptation to the modified environment.
The primary forest in the Amazon region changes abruptly due to the development of agriculture. It is not well established how species of drosophils react to these changes. The bacterial microbiome can affect the adaptation of the fly to the environment by contributing to its nutrition and immune tolerance. To evaluate the impact of permanent changes to the jungle landscape on the microbial diversity of neotropical flies, we performed a metagenomic analysis of the 16S gene of bacterial species (metabarcoding) associated with two species of flies, Drosophila malerkotilana (cosmopolitan and exotic species) and Drosophila sturtevanti (neotropical species) found in primary forest and agricultural environments of the state of Pará, Brazil. As an additional control, and in order to evaluate the influence of the substrate on the bacterial composition of flies, we also included in the analysis samples of drosophilic species characteristically associated with substrates alternative to fruit, Hirtodrosophila sp. (associated with fungi) and Drosophila speciosa (associated with flowers). Our results suggest that the environment is an important determinant of the bacterial community, whereas the fly species does not seem to have an impact on it. Additionally, bacterial diversity is greater in modified environments where a greater supply of substrates would be found. This greater bacterial diversity may be favoring the nutrition of flies and ultimately their adaptation to the modified environment.
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