Un caso de anticomunismo civil: los “padres demócratas” de Uruguay (1955-1973)
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Escuela de Historia
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La Organización de Padres Demócratas (ORPADE) de Uruguay fue creada en 1962, aunque la preocupación por el sesgo antidemocrático en la educación pública fue anterior y ambientó denuncias y persecuciones en la década de 1950. Organizado en dos olas (19621964 y 1968-1973), con rasgos de continuidad en los repertorios de acción y en las consignas, el movimiento de “padres demócratas” encarnó un caso de anticomunismo civil cuyo peso hasta ahora no ha sido reconocido frente al anticomunismo militar, policial u oficial. La hipótesis que guía la investigación propone que este movimiento desempeñó un papel relevante en el proceso de violencia social y política que atravesó Uruguay en la larga década de 1960. Se trató de un movimiento que concitó adhesiones en todo el territorio uruguayo, desplegó una ferviente vigilancia ideológica en los centros de educación secundaria de todo el país, actuó como grupo de presión ante autoridades de la enseñanza y del gobierno nacional para lograr sanciones legales y depurar el cuerpo docente y fue un actor clave en la promoción de la delación y en la consolidación de la idea del “enemigo interno” solapado en el entramado social.
The Democratic Parents Organization (ORPADE) of Uruguay was created in 1962, although concerns about antidemocratic traits in public education preceded and was the context of denounces and prosecutions in the fifties. Structured in two periods (1962-1964 and 19681973) with a continuum in practices and leitmotivs, this movement embodied a civil anticommunisim case, whose dimension has not been, so far, as much recognized as military, police or official anticommunism. This paper proposes that this movement played a key role in the process of social and political violence that Uruguay went throw during the sixties and the seventies. It was a movement with strong support in the whole country, which carried out an ideological vigilance in secondary schools. Its members tried to persuade political authorities in order to get legal suspensions and expel some teachers out of the system. ORPADE was a key element of the promotion of accusations and to consolidate the idea of an “internal enemy” hidden within the society.
The Democratic Parents Organization (ORPADE) of Uruguay was created in 1962, although concerns about antidemocratic traits in public education preceded and was the context of denounces and prosecutions in the fifties. Structured in two periods (1962-1964 and 19681973) with a continuum in practices and leitmotivs, this movement embodied a civil anticommunisim case, whose dimension has not been, so far, as much recognized as military, police or official anticommunism. This paper proposes that this movement played a key role in the process of social and political violence that Uruguay went throw during the sixties and the seventies. It was a movement with strong support in the whole country, which carried out an ideological vigilance in secondary schools. Its members tried to persuade political authorities in order to get legal suspensions and expel some teachers out of the system. ORPADE was a key element of the promotion of accusations and to consolidate the idea of an “internal enemy” hidden within the society.
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