Mestizaje colonial y mestizajes estratégicos. Una mirada crítica a la relación entre historia regional e historia indígena
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Escuela de Historia
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En el imaginario racial de la historiografía nacional argentina, tanto la del Siglo XIX como la del XX, el mestizaje fue uno de los ejes principales que estructuró el discurso de blanqueamiento y la “desaparición/extinción” de las sociedades indígenas. En un resumen abrupto y simplificador, pero no menos cierto, podría decirse que en estos registros históricos predominó un borramiento deliberado de la historia indígena, de su agencia, de su presencia y de su devenir histórico. En la actualidad, algunas perspectivas críticas del colonialismo han avanzado en la descripción de estos imaginarios y sus lógicas históricas de saber/poder, y entre ellos, de la función que cumplió el mestizaje como discurso ideológico (blanqueador y patriarcal) y como imaginario racial en ese borramiento histórico. Pero muy pocas investigaciones se han focalizado sobre estos mismos aspectos en las historiografías regionales, y mucho menos aún, en la relación entre ese pasado indígena negado e invisibilizado, y la actual historia regional. Para contrarrestar estas ausencias, y explorar estas relaciones, propongo una relectura del mestizaje, que no sea reductible necesariamente a la idea de un discurso ideológico de homogeneización y blanqueamiento, sino que, a modo de una categoría de pivoteo, nos permita mirar tanto la historia regional como la historia indígena desde una perspectiva diferente.
In the racial imaginary of Argentina's national historiography, both that of the 19th and 20th centuries, miscegenation was one of the main axes that structured the whitening discourse and the "disappearance/extinction" of indigenous societies. In an abrupt and simplifying summary, but no less true, one could say that in these historical records a deliberate effacement of indigenous history, its agency, its presence and its historical evolution prevailed. At present, some critical perspectives of colonialism have advanced in the description of these imaginaries and their historical logics of knowledge/power, and among them, of the role played by miscegenation as ideological discourse (bleach and patriarchal) and as racial imaginary in that historical effacement. But very few investigations have focused on these same aspects in regional historiographies, and much less, in the relationship between that denied and invisible indigenous past, and the current regional history. To counteract these absences, and explore these relationships, I propose a rereading of miscegenation, which is not necessarily reducible to the idea of an ideological discourse of homogenization and bleaching, but rather, as a category of pivoting, allows us to look at both the history regional as the indigenous history, from a different perspective.
In the racial imaginary of Argentina's national historiography, both that of the 19th and 20th centuries, miscegenation was one of the main axes that structured the whitening discourse and the "disappearance/extinction" of indigenous societies. In an abrupt and simplifying summary, but no less true, one could say that in these historical records a deliberate effacement of indigenous history, its agency, its presence and its historical evolution prevailed. At present, some critical perspectives of colonialism have advanced in the description of these imaginaries and their historical logics of knowledge/power, and among them, of the role played by miscegenation as ideological discourse (bleach and patriarchal) and as racial imaginary in that historical effacement. But very few investigations have focused on these same aspects in regional historiographies, and much less, in the relationship between that denied and invisible indigenous past, and the current regional history. To counteract these absences, and explore these relationships, I propose a rereading of miscegenation, which is not necessarily reducible to the idea of an ideological discourse of homogenization and bleaching, but rather, as a category of pivoting, allows us to look at both the history regional as the indigenous history, from a different perspective.
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