Financiamiento de la transición energética en América Latina y el Caribe (2013 -2022): ¿renunciamiento fósil o endeudamiento verde?
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Centro de Estudios en Relaciones Internacionales de Rosario (CERIR)
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El presente artículo analiza la estructura, distribución y tendencias del financiamiento energético en América Latina y el Caribe entre 2013 y 2022. A partir de la base de datos de energyfinance.org y de una docena de entrevistas semiestructuradas con especialistas en el ámbito energético, se examinan los montos destinados a proyectos de energía fósil y energía limpia —entendida como aquella con baja o nulas emisiones de carbono— analizando los principales mecanismos financieros utilizados. Los resultados sugieren que, pese al crecimiento reciente de la inversión en energía limpia, persisten dinámicas que mantienen un peso significativo del financiamiento orientado a combustibles fósiles, reflejando las tensiones propias de la transición energética en la región. Asimismo, se identifica un proceso creciente de financiarización del desarrollo energético, con implicaciones relevantes para la sostenibilidad económica y ambiental. En este contexto, el artículo plantea que, aunque la transición energética regional muestra avances graduales, su evolución sigue siendo volátil y enfrenta el desafío de replantear las fuentes y condiciones del financiamiento para consolidar un cambio estructural hacia modelos bajos en carbono.
This article analyzes the structure, distribution, and trends of energy financing in Latin America and the Caribbean between 2013 and 2022. Based on the energyfinance.org database and a dozen semi-structured interviews with energy specialists, the amounts allocated to fossil fuel and clean energy projects —understood as those with low or zero carbon emissions— are examined, analyzing the main financial mechanisms used. The results suggest that, despite the recent growth in clean energy investment, dynamics persist that maintain a significant weight of financing oriented towards fossil fuels, reflecting the tensions inherent to the energy transition in the region. Likewise, a growing process of financialization of energy development is identified, with relevant implications for economic and environmental sustainability. In this context, the article posits that, although the regional energy transition shows gradual progress, its evolution remains volatile and faces the challenge of rethinking the sources and conditions of financing to consolidate a structural shift towards low-carbon models.
This article analyzes the structure, distribution, and trends of energy financing in Latin America and the Caribbean between 2013 and 2022. Based on the energyfinance.org database and a dozen semi-structured interviews with energy specialists, the amounts allocated to fossil fuel and clean energy projects —understood as those with low or zero carbon emissions— are examined, analyzing the main financial mechanisms used. The results suggest that, despite the recent growth in clean energy investment, dynamics persist that maintain a significant weight of financing oriented towards fossil fuels, reflecting the tensions inherent to the energy transition in the region. Likewise, a growing process of financialization of energy development is identified, with relevant implications for economic and environmental sustainability. In this context, the article posits that, although the regional energy transition shows gradual progress, its evolution remains volatile and faces the challenge of rethinking the sources and conditions of financing to consolidate a structural shift towards low-carbon models.
