Resistencia a la autoridad y revolución en los siglos XVII y XVIII: Locke y Kant
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A fines del siglo XVII, y durante el XVIII, resurgió con fuerza la discusión acerca de la resistencia a la autoridad. Ello se dio a causa del clima político que se vivía en Inglaterra, las colonias norteamericanas y Francia, y por la renovación de la teoría política sucedida en la modernidad. En este escenario, Locke y Kant, testigos principales de los acontecimientos revolucionarios, escribieron in extenso sobre si es posible que el pueblo se subleve ante órdenes injustas. El primero justificó jurídica y filosóficamente la resistencia; por el contrario, Kant la rechazó de manera contundente. El presente artículo desarrolla, en primer lugar, el pensamiento de Locke sobre el derecho de resistencia, y lo sitúa en el contexto inglés de fines del siglo XVII y, en segundo lugar, la filosofía jurídica de Kant sobre el problema, y reconstruye la relación de ella con la Revolución Francesa. Por último, se explica el tratamiento que hicieron del derecho de resistencia los textos jurídicos franceses, en especial la Declaración de Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano de 1789, y la Constitución del año I de 1793.
The discussion about resistance to authority has strongly resurfaced at the end of the seventeenth century and in the course of eighteenth. This occurred as result of the political climate that existed in England, the North American colonies and France, and also because of the political theory renewal that took place during modernity. In this context, Locke and Kant, witnesses of the revolutionary events, wrote extensively on whether it is possible for the people to rise up against unjust orders. Locke philosophically justified the resistance; on the other hand, Kant rejected it forcefully. Firstly, this article develops the thought of Locke about this issue and places it in the English framework at the end of the XVII century and, second, describe the legal philosophy of Kant on this problem, and reconstructs the relation of it with the French Revolution. Finally, we explain the treatment of the French legal texts by the right of resistance, especially the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of 1789 and the Citizen of 1789 and the Constitution of the year I of 1793.
The discussion about resistance to authority has strongly resurfaced at the end of the seventeenth century and in the course of eighteenth. This occurred as result of the political climate that existed in England, the North American colonies and France, and also because of the political theory renewal that took place during modernity. In this context, Locke and Kant, witnesses of the revolutionary events, wrote extensively on whether it is possible for the people to rise up against unjust orders. Locke philosophically justified the resistance; on the other hand, Kant rejected it forcefully. Firstly, this article develops the thought of Locke about this issue and places it in the English framework at the end of the XVII century and, second, describe the legal philosophy of Kant on this problem, and reconstructs the relation of it with the French Revolution. Finally, we explain the treatment of the French legal texts by the right of resistance, especially the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of 1789 and the Citizen of 1789 and the Constitution of the year I of 1793.
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