“Dcar acemerar” (pueblo blanco), noreste marroquí (Rif). Organización sociopolítica en arqueología : una revisión histórica y etnoarqueológica e interpretación a partir de la percepción remota
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios Sobre Diversidad Cultural
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La comparación entre la información de algunas fuentes históricas y diversos
estudios etnográficos del noreste marroquí (Rif), indican que a la llegada de
los árabes en el siglo VII, la organización sociopolítica de las poblaciones
autóctonas (amaziges/bereberes) en las regiones montañosas debió ser un
sistema segmentario, carente de instituciones burocráticas, al que en el siglo
XI se integraron linajes “santos” vinculados a la tradición del islam sufí,
quienes actuaron como mediadores neutrales en la resolución de conflictos
que surgían entre distintos grupos sociales. A nivel arqueológico este sistema de organización sociopolítica –en las regiones montañosas–, dio lugar a un
patrón de asentamiento disperso en el cual no existieron edificios
administrativos, no obstante, los asentamientos de los linajes “santos” que
comenzaron a establecerse a partir del siglo XI funcionaron como “centros
de mediación política” en el que tribus y/o facciones rivales solucionaban
conflictos a distintas escalas. El objetivo central de este trabajo consiste en
demostrar que el patrón de asentamiento del sitio arqueológico Dcar
Acemerar es propio de la organización sociopolítica tradicional amazige,
distinta del sistema de organización árabe en la región. Esta interpretación
resulta de contrastar datos etnográficos e históricos con información
derivada del análisis de imágenes de satélite.
Comparison between the information of historical sources and several ethnographic studies from Moroccan northeast region (Rif), showed that at the Arabs arrival in the VIIth century, the sociopolitical organization of the indigenous populations (Imazighen/Berbers) from the mountainous areas, was probably a segmentary system, deprived of bureaucratic institutions, to which, in the XIth century were joint by “holy” lineages attached to the sufi tradition, that acted as neutral mediators in the resolutions of conflicts that emerged between several social groups. In archaeological terms -in the mountainous areas-, this system resulted in a dispersed pattern settlement where administrative buildings did not exist, nevertheless, the holy lineages settlements that began to establish in the XIth century, acted as “political mediation centers” where opposite tribes, or factions, solved their conflicts in several levels. This work aim to demonstrate that the pattern settlement of Dcar Acemerar archaeological site, is characteristic of amazigh traditional sociopolitical organization that differs from the Arab system of organization in the region. This interpretation results from contrasting ethnographic and historical data with information derived from the analysis of satellite imagery.
Comparison between the information of historical sources and several ethnographic studies from Moroccan northeast region (Rif), showed that at the Arabs arrival in the VIIth century, the sociopolitical organization of the indigenous populations (Imazighen/Berbers) from the mountainous areas, was probably a segmentary system, deprived of bureaucratic institutions, to which, in the XIth century were joint by “holy” lineages attached to the sufi tradition, that acted as neutral mediators in the resolutions of conflicts that emerged between several social groups. In archaeological terms -in the mountainous areas-, this system resulted in a dispersed pattern settlement where administrative buildings did not exist, nevertheless, the holy lineages settlements that began to establish in the XIth century, acted as “political mediation centers” where opposite tribes, or factions, solved their conflicts in several levels. This work aim to demonstrate that the pattern settlement of Dcar Acemerar archaeological site, is characteristic of amazigh traditional sociopolitical organization that differs from the Arab system of organization in the region. This interpretation results from contrasting ethnographic and historical data with information derived from the analysis of satellite imagery.
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