Caracterización de aspectos de calidad a cosecha de cinco híbridos de espárrago bajo dos sistemas de manejo
Fecha
2007
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UNR Editora
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El espárrago es una hortaliza cuyo órgano de consumo es el tallo inmaduro llamado turión. En el manejo como verde el espárrago crece sobre la superficie del suelo, mientras que como blanco lo hace a través del mismo, pudiendo generar diferencias en la composición química y fisiológica de los materiales. El objetivo fue caracterizar aspectos de calidad, a cosecha, de cinco híbridos de espárrago bajo dos sistemas de manejo. El ensayo se realizó en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Zavalla, UNR. Como material experimental se utilizaron cinco híbridos clonales de espárrago obtenidos en el marco del programa de mejora establecido entre la Facultad y la EEA INTA Balcarce: Neptuno, Mercurio, Sureño, Lucero y Pampero. Como testigos comerciales: Argenteüil para el manejo como espárrago blanco y UC 157 F1 para manejo como espárrago verde. Para cada material se analizó la composición y calidad en 3 zonas diferentes: apical, media y basal. Las variables evaluadas fueron: fibra (%), sólidos totales (%), fenoles (mg.g-1de peso fresco), azúcares totales (mg glucosa.g de pf-1), pH, clorofila (microg.g-1de peso fresco) y actividad respiratoria (mg CO2.h-1.kgf-1). El ensayo se realizó en un DCA con tres repeticiones (de tres espárragos), por híbrido y zona de corte, analizado a través de un ANDEVA y prueba de Duncan. El contenido de fibra fue mayor en los espárragos blancos, destacándose Lucero por su menor contenido de fibra, la cual aumentó hacia la base del turión en todos los casos. Los sólidos totales manifestaron mayores valores en los espárragos verdes. Sureño presentó el mayor nivel cultivado como blanco y como verde Sureño y Neptuno. Para ambos manejos del cultivo y dentro de cada híbrido, fue mayor el contenido en la zona apical. El contenido de fenoles en los espárragos blancos fue mayor; el mayor valor lo presentó Sureño como blanco y UC 157 F1 como verde y en todos los casos fue mayor en la parte apical. El contenido total de azúcares fue mayor en Pampero, Mercurio, Argenteüil y Neptuno como blanco y en Pampero y UC 157 F1 como verde. En todos los casos la parte apical manifestó el menor valor.
El pH presentó valores similares, con mayor acidez en la parte basal. La tasa respiratoria fue superior en los híbridos verdes. La cantidad de clorofila fue mayor en la zona apical. En el manejo como blanco se observó un mayor contenido de fenoles y una menor tasa respiratoria, mientras que en el manejo como verde un mayor contenido de sólidos totales y menor porcentaje de fibra.
Asparagus is a vegetable grown for its edible organ, which is an immature stalk called spear. When cultivated for green asparagus, the spears grow mostly over soil level; meanwhile, when grown for blanched or white asparagus, they grow across the mounted soil. These differential conditions may generate changes in the chemical and physiological composition of the spears. The objective of the present work was to characterize quality harvest aspects in five asparagus hybrids evaluated under two cultivation systems. The field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Faculty, Rosario´s National University (UNR), located at Zavalla. The plant material consisted in five asparagus hybrids, Neptuno, Mercurio, Sureño, Lucero and Pampero, developed by the Agronomy Faculty, UNR, and the EEA INTA Balcarce, in a conjunct breeding program. As commercial checks for white and green production Argenteüil and UC 157 F1 were used respectively. In each material, quality and composition were analyzed in three differential portions of the spear: apical, medium, and basal. The evaluated characters were: fiber content (%), total solids (%), phenols (mg.g-1 fresh weight), total sugars (mg glucose g fresh weight), Ph, chlorophyll (microg g-1 fresh weight) and respiratory activity (mg CO2 h-1 fresh weight). The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with three repetitions of three spears each, considering hybrids and portions of the spear as treatments. Data were first subjected to an analysis of variance and then to a Duncan´s multiple mean comparison test. In general terms fiber content was higher in blanched asparagus than in green asparagus, and in the basal portion than in the rest. Lucero presented the highest values for fiber content. Total solids were higher under green asparagus production and along the apical portion than under white production, and along medium and basal portions of the spear. Sureño for white and Neptuno and Sureño for green spears showed the highest content in total solids. Phenols were higher either under blanched and in the apical portion of the asparagus than under green and medium or basal portions of the asparagus. Sureño for white and UC 157 F1 for green production presented the highest phenols content. Conversely under both productions, total sugar was lower in the apical portion than in the rest of the spear. For this character, blanched asparagus hybrids Pampero, Mercurio, Argenteüil and Neptuno; and green hybrids Pampero and UC 157 F1 presented the highest values. Ph values were similar in general terms, with a trend towards higher acidity in the basal portion; meanwhile chlorophyll content was superior in the apical portion of the spear. Respiratory activity was higher in green asparagus than in white asparagus. Under white production a higher phenols and a lower respiratory activity was observed in comparison to green production. Conversely green spears showed a higher total solids and lower fiber percentage than white asparagus.
Asparagus is a vegetable grown for its edible organ, which is an immature stalk called spear. When cultivated for green asparagus, the spears grow mostly over soil level; meanwhile, when grown for blanched or white asparagus, they grow across the mounted soil. These differential conditions may generate changes in the chemical and physiological composition of the spears. The objective of the present work was to characterize quality harvest aspects in five asparagus hybrids evaluated under two cultivation systems. The field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Faculty, Rosario´s National University (UNR), located at Zavalla. The plant material consisted in five asparagus hybrids, Neptuno, Mercurio, Sureño, Lucero and Pampero, developed by the Agronomy Faculty, UNR, and the EEA INTA Balcarce, in a conjunct breeding program. As commercial checks for white and green production Argenteüil and UC 157 F1 were used respectively. In each material, quality and composition were analyzed in three differential portions of the spear: apical, medium, and basal. The evaluated characters were: fiber content (%), total solids (%), phenols (mg.g-1 fresh weight), total sugars (mg glucose g fresh weight), Ph, chlorophyll (microg g-1 fresh weight) and respiratory activity (mg CO2 h-1 fresh weight). The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with three repetitions of three spears each, considering hybrids and portions of the spear as treatments. Data were first subjected to an analysis of variance and then to a Duncan´s multiple mean comparison test. In general terms fiber content was higher in blanched asparagus than in green asparagus, and in the basal portion than in the rest. Lucero presented the highest values for fiber content. Total solids were higher under green asparagus production and along the apical portion than under white production, and along medium and basal portions of the spear. Sureño for white and Neptuno and Sureño for green spears showed the highest content in total solids. Phenols were higher either under blanched and in the apical portion of the asparagus than under green and medium or basal portions of the asparagus. Sureño for white and UC 157 F1 for green production presented the highest phenols content. Conversely under both productions, total sugar was lower in the apical portion than in the rest of the spear. For this character, blanched asparagus hybrids Pampero, Mercurio, Argenteüil and Neptuno; and green hybrids Pampero and UC 157 F1 presented the highest values. Ph values were similar in general terms, with a trend towards higher acidity in the basal portion; meanwhile chlorophyll content was superior in the apical portion of the spear. Respiratory activity was higher in green asparagus than in white asparagus. Under white production a higher phenols and a lower respiratory activity was observed in comparison to green production. Conversely green spears showed a higher total solids and lower fiber percentage than white asparagus.
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calidad, poscosecha, Asparagus officinalis v.altilis, quality, post-harvest