Estudios de las propiedades medicinales de extracto total y distintas fracciones de Ligaria cuneifolia (R. et P.) Tiegh (Loranthaceae)
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Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario.
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Ligaria cuneifolia (Lc) (R. et P.) Tiegh. (Loranthaceae), popularmente conocida como “muérdago criollo”, “liga” o “liguilla”, es una especie hemiparásita, que se encuentra en el centro y norte de Argentina. En medicina tradicional es utilizada para disminuir la presión arterial y el colesterol. Basándonos en las observaciones empíricas, planteamos como objetivo demostrar científicamente que Ligaria cuneifolia tiene propiedades hipotensoras e hipocolesterolémicas. En ratas Wistar machos adultas alimentadas con dieta normal, enriquecida en colesterol y en hiperlipémicas (alimentadas con High Fat Diet), demostramos que el tratamiento por vía intraperitoneal con una fracción enriquecida en Proantocianidinas extraídas de Lc (PLc) produce disminución del 40% del colesterol plasmático (Co) debido al aumento de la velocidad de excreción biliar de sales biliares, así como disminución de triglicéridos y LDLCo, sin producir cambios en la fluidez de la sangre. Evaluamos el efecto vasoactivo de PLc in vitro en anillos de aorta aislada de ratas determinando su tensión isométrica, presentando efecto vasodilatador dependiente de endotelio, ya que la remoción mecánica del mismo anula completamente la relajación. El tratamiento con infusión de extracto liofilizado de hojas y tallos de Lc ingerida tres veces por semana durante dos meses por pacientes hipercolesterolémicos de ambos sexos (edad: 50 ± 15 años), permitió observar descenso en los niveles Co y LDLCo, sin mostrar alteraciones en la fluidez de la sangre ni en la funcion hepático. Conclusión: Ligaria cuneifolia sería una potencial herramienta en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, por disminuir el Colesterol plasmático y presentar un marcado efecto hipotensor.
Ligaria cuneifolia (Lc) (R. et P.) Tiegh. (Loranthaceae), popularly known as “Creole mistletoe”, “league” or “liguilla”, is a hemiparasitic species, found in central and northern Argentina. In traditional medicine it is used to lower both blood pressure and cholesterol. Based on empirical observations, we set the objective of scientifically demonstrating that Ligaria cuneifolia has hypotensive and hypocholesterolemic properties. In adult male Wistar rats fed a normal diet, enriched in cholesterol and hyperlipemic (fed High Fat Diet), we demonstrated that treatment intraperitoneally with a fraction enriched in Proanthocyanidins extracted from Lc (PLc) produces a 40% decrease in cholesterol plasma (Co) due to an increase in the rate of biliary excretion of bile salts, as well as a decrease in triglycerides and LDLCo, without producing changes in blood fluidity. We evaluated the vasoactive effect of PLc in vitro in isolated rat aortic rings was evaluated by determining its isometric tension, presenting an endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect, since its mechanical removal completely cancels relaxation. Treatment with infusion of lyophilized extract of leaves and stems of Lc ingested three times a week for two months by hypercholesterolemic patients of both sexes (age: 50 ± 15 years), allowed to observe decrease in Cho and LDLCho levels, without showing alterations in blood fluidity or liver function. Conclusion: Ligaria cuneifolia is a potential tool in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, as it reduces plasma cholesterol and has a marked hypotensive effect.
Ligaria cuneifolia (Lc) (R. et P.) Tiegh. (Loranthaceae), popularly known as “Creole mistletoe”, “league” or “liguilla”, is a hemiparasitic species, found in central and northern Argentina. In traditional medicine it is used to lower both blood pressure and cholesterol. Based on empirical observations, we set the objective of scientifically demonstrating that Ligaria cuneifolia has hypotensive and hypocholesterolemic properties. In adult male Wistar rats fed a normal diet, enriched in cholesterol and hyperlipemic (fed High Fat Diet), we demonstrated that treatment intraperitoneally with a fraction enriched in Proanthocyanidins extracted from Lc (PLc) produces a 40% decrease in cholesterol plasma (Co) due to an increase in the rate of biliary excretion of bile salts, as well as a decrease in triglycerides and LDLCo, without producing changes in blood fluidity. We evaluated the vasoactive effect of PLc in vitro in isolated rat aortic rings was evaluated by determining its isometric tension, presenting an endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect, since its mechanical removal completely cancels relaxation. Treatment with infusion of lyophilized extract of leaves and stems of Lc ingested three times a week for two months by hypercholesterolemic patients of both sexes (age: 50 ± 15 years), allowed to observe decrease in Cho and LDLCho levels, without showing alterations in blood fluidity or liver function. Conclusion: Ligaria cuneifolia is a potential tool in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, as it reduces plasma cholesterol and has a marked hypotensive effect.
Palabras clave
Ligaria cuneifolia, Proanticianidinas, Hipocolesterolémica, Hipolipémica, Fluidez sanguínea, Hipotensora, Ligaria cuneifolia, Proanticyanidins, Hypocholesterolemic, Hypolipemic, Blood fluidity, Hypotensive