Las relaciones de Colombia con Estados Unidos en tiempos de pos-acuerdo de paz y Donald Trump ¿Del ‘socio ejemplar’ al ‘país problema’?
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2020-12
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Centro de Estudios en Relaciones Internacionales de Rosario
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Históricamente, las relaciones entre Colombia y Estados Unidos fueron discutidas repetidas veces en términos de la existencia de dos doctrinas, respice polum y respice similia, las cuales han orientado las relaciones exteriores del país andino en términos de subordinación y alineación, o diversificación y búsqueda de autonomía. Objeto de nuestro trabajo es el desarrollo de estas relaciones durante las dos últimas décadas bajo la estrategia del Plan Colombia y su sucesor, el Plan Paz Colombia. Focalizado al comienzo en primer lugar en la lucha anti-droga, el margen de cooperación entre ambos países fue paulatinamente ampliado e incluyó más áreas, reflejo de cambios tanto en los ámbitos internos de ambos países, como el contexto regional e internacional.
Partiendo de algunas hipótesis básicas sobre el rumbo de las relaciones bilaterales y un resumen de su desarrollo histórico hasta la presidencia de Juan Manuel Santos, el texto analiza en su parte principal la cooperación bilateral en las diferentes áreas políticas desde el comienzo del año 2017, caracterizado por la entrada en vigor del acuerdo de paz con las FARC y la asunción de Donald Trump como nuevo presidente en Estados Unidos. Desde el punto de vista analítico, utilizamos planteamientos del neorrealismo, del social constructivismo y del concepto intermestic policy. Al final nos preguntamos, si el desarrollo de las relaciones bilaterales desde 2017 hasta nuestros días está confirmando las doct333rinas e hipótesis formuladas en la introducción.
Historically, relations between Colombia and the United States were repeatedly discussed in terms of the existence of two competing strategies: réspice polum (subordination and alignment) and réspice similia (diversification and search for autonomy). The object of our work is the development of these relationships over the past two decades under the strategy of Plan Colombia and its successor, Plan Paz Colombia. Initially focused on the fight against drugs, the scope of cooperation between the two countries was gradually widened to include more areas thanks to changes in both the internal environments of both countries, as well as in the regional and international context. Based on some basic hypotheses on the direction of bilateral relations and a summary of their historical development up to the presidency of Juan Manuel Santos, the text analyses in its main part the bilateral cooperation in the different political areas since the beginning of 2017, characterized by the entry into force of the peace agreement with the FARC and the assumption of Donald Trump as the new president in the United States. In the end, we wonder if the development of bilateral relations from 2017 to the present is confirming the hypotheses formulated in the introduction.
Historically, relations between Colombia and the United States were repeatedly discussed in terms of the existence of two competing strategies: réspice polum (subordination and alignment) and réspice similia (diversification and search for autonomy). The object of our work is the development of these relationships over the past two decades under the strategy of Plan Colombia and its successor, Plan Paz Colombia. Initially focused on the fight against drugs, the scope of cooperation between the two countries was gradually widened to include more areas thanks to changes in both the internal environments of both countries, as well as in the regional and international context. Based on some basic hypotheses on the direction of bilateral relations and a summary of their historical development up to the presidency of Juan Manuel Santos, the text analyses in its main part the bilateral cooperation in the different political areas since the beginning of 2017, characterized by the entry into force of the peace agreement with the FARC and the assumption of Donald Trump as the new president in the United States. In the end, we wonder if the development of bilateral relations from 2017 to the present is confirming the hypotheses formulated in the introduction.
Palabras clave
Relaciones Colombia-Estados Unidos, Relaciones Colombia-China, Relaciones Colombia-Venezuela, Plan Colombia, Peace Agreement