El sistema ferroviario argentino en los ´90 desde una mirada socio-técnica:privatizaciones y atraso tecnológico
Fecha
2018-12
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SeIDeSoC
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Descripción
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal explorar y discutir, desde una mirada socio-técnica, el comportamiento y funcionamiento del sistema ferroviario en los 90’ en el marco de políticas privatizadoras. El ferrocarril ha tenido en la Argentina un rol preponderante dentro del desarrollo industrial al ser considerado como un elemento estructurante del territorio nacional, al facilitar la integración e interconexión territorial y por ser una fuente de trabajo relevante para vastos sectores del país. Para ello, en primer lugar, se hará una presentación y discusión acerca de los distintos grupos relevantes que formaron parte de la definición del sistema ferroviario desde el modelo constructivista SCOT, atendiendo a la reciprocidad existente entre política y tecnología de manera contextual. En segundo lugar, tomando en cuenta ciertas limitaciones de este modelo, se consideran ciertas políticas que orientan al sistema ferroviario a entenderlo como una tecnología autoritaria y de exclusión. Luego se dará cuenta que el atraso y estancamiento tecnológico en el sistema ferroviario respondió, por un lado, a la falta de políticas científicas y tecnológicas y por otro, a la estructura económica y social del país; y no por la mera falta o carencia de capital científico y tecnológico. Finalmente, se analizará el rol del Estado en la constitución de un sistema científico- tecnológico en el marco de la necesidad de un proyecto de país y de la vinculación con otros componentes relevantes tales como la infraestructura científico-tecnológico y el sector productivo.
The aim of this work is to explore and discuss the political decisions made on the privatization of Argentina’s railway system in the 90s from a scientific and technological point of view. The railway has had in Argentina an essential role in the industrial development. It is considered to be a structuring element of the national territory because of its ability to facilitate the integration and interconnection of the territory and also because it has been a major source of employment in vast sectors of the country. In the first place, there will be, on the basis of the SCOT’s constructivism model, an introduction and a discussion of the relevant groups who took participation in shaping the railway´s definition, taking into account the existing reciprocity between politics and technology. Secondly, considering some limitations of the SCOT’s model, some politics that tend to make think of the railway as an authoritarian and exclusion technology will be contemplated. Afterwards from this point of view it will be shown that the lag and stagnation of the railway system occurred, on the one hand, due to the lack of scientific and technological decisions and on the other hand, because of the economic and social structure of the country. Finally, the role of the State in building a scientific and technological system will be analyzed in the context of the need for a project for the nation and of the link with other relevant components such as the scientifictechnological infrastructure and the productive sector.
The aim of this work is to explore and discuss the political decisions made on the privatization of Argentina’s railway system in the 90s from a scientific and technological point of view. The railway has had in Argentina an essential role in the industrial development. It is considered to be a structuring element of the national territory because of its ability to facilitate the integration and interconnection of the territory and also because it has been a major source of employment in vast sectors of the country. In the first place, there will be, on the basis of the SCOT’s constructivism model, an introduction and a discussion of the relevant groups who took participation in shaping the railway´s definition, taking into account the existing reciprocity between politics and technology. Secondly, considering some limitations of the SCOT’s model, some politics that tend to make think of the railway as an authoritarian and exclusion technology will be contemplated. Afterwards from this point of view it will be shown that the lag and stagnation of the railway system occurred, on the one hand, due to the lack of scientific and technological decisions and on the other hand, because of the economic and social structure of the country. Finally, the role of the State in building a scientific and technological system will be analyzed in the context of the need for a project for the nation and of the link with other relevant components such as the scientifictechnological infrastructure and the productive sector.
Palabras clave
Sistema Ferroviario, Modelo Scot, Estado, Privatizaciones, Atraso tecnológico, Railway system, Scientific and technological system