El Imperio Romano y diferentes formas de inculturación y resistencia
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2008-12
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios Sobre Diversidad Cultural.
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El dominio del Mediterráneo dio la oportunidad a Roma de imponer sus culturas sobre las regionales. Produce además de migraciones dentro de las provincias romanas, facilitando la mezcla de culturas, diferente formas de adaptación al modelo romano, permaneciendo como cultura popular la propia de cada lugar de origen, así como a pesar del sincretismo religioso, la religiosidad popular produce fenómenos locales de importancia, que desdice la pretensión de un solo catolicismo romano propagandeado desde Constantino en adelante como el único cristianismo válido. Las vías, que facilitan el proceso de sincretismo, no pueden evitar sin embargo el ida y vuelta, ni las diferencias provinciales a todo nivel, sobre todo económico e ideológico. En lo jurídico lo romano es la norma impuesta y aceptada como universal.
Dos formas de aproximación a este particular proceso histórico lo constituyen el análisis de dos vidas paradigmáticas: la de un senador de provincias, Prisciliano de la Hispania y la de un modesto hijo de un oficial romano, convertido en obispo de la Iglesia, gracias a la mediación de Ambrosio, nos referimos por supuesto al gran San Agustín.
Este artículo tratará de analizar sólo estas dos formas de inculturación. Muchas más se produjeron y no podremos abarcar aquí, entre las cuales el total rechazo, la rebelión, la huída al desierto, o la construcción de una sociedad alternativa, como lo fueron los conventos de Egipto en un primer momento, etc.
Prisciliano and Augustine, two ways of living through the interculturalyity in the IVth century. The control of the Mediterranean gave the opportunity to Rome to impose its culture on the regional ones. It produces besides migrations inside the Roman provinces, the mixing of cultures ,and different forms of adjustment to the Roman model, remaining as popular culture the proper one of every place of origin, as well as in spite of the religious syncretism, the popular religiousness produces local phenomena of importance, that misarticulate the pretension of the Roman Catholicism as the only one legal, since Constantine makes it as the unique valid Christianity form. The “vias”, which facilitate the process of syncretism, can avoid nevertheless the go and come, nor the provincial differences to any level, especially economically and ideologically. In the juridical thing the Roman Right is the norm accepted by all the provinces. One form of approximation to this particular historical process constitute the analysis of two paradigmatic lives: that of a senator of provinces, Prisciliano of the Roman Spain and that of a modest son of a Roman official turned into bishop of the Church, thanks to Ambrosio's mediation, obvious we refer certainly to the great San Augustine. This article will try to analyze then only these two forms of inculturality. Many others took place and we will not be able to include here, among which the total rejection, the revolt, the escape to the desert, or the construction of an alternative society, like were the convents of Egypt its births, etc.
Prisciliano and Augustine, two ways of living through the interculturalyity in the IVth century. The control of the Mediterranean gave the opportunity to Rome to impose its culture on the regional ones. It produces besides migrations inside the Roman provinces, the mixing of cultures ,and different forms of adjustment to the Roman model, remaining as popular culture the proper one of every place of origin, as well as in spite of the religious syncretism, the popular religiousness produces local phenomena of importance, that misarticulate the pretension of the Roman Catholicism as the only one legal, since Constantine makes it as the unique valid Christianity form. The “vias”, which facilitate the process of syncretism, can avoid nevertheless the go and come, nor the provincial differences to any level, especially economically and ideologically. In the juridical thing the Roman Right is the norm accepted by all the provinces. One form of approximation to this particular historical process constitute the analysis of two paradigmatic lives: that of a senator of provinces, Prisciliano of the Roman Spain and that of a modest son of a Roman official turned into bishop of the Church, thanks to Ambrosio's mediation, obvious we refer certainly to the great San Augustine. This article will try to analyze then only these two forms of inculturality. Many others took place and we will not be able to include here, among which the total rejection, the revolt, the escape to the desert, or the construction of an alternative society, like were the convents of Egypt its births, etc.
Palabras clave
Imperio Romano, Inculturación, Resistencia, Religión, Roman Empire, Anculturation, Resistance