Modos diferentes de pensar el desarrollo de América Latina
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2015-06
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Centro Latinoamericano de Administración para el Desarrollo (CLAD)
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Descripción
El artículo propone una mirada desde la epistemología del desarrollo
con el objetivo de identificar modos diferentes de pensar la realidad
regional. El desafío pasa por reconocer campos de entendimientos sobre
la historia y la realidad latinoamericana; modos interpretativos que se
actualizan en nuevas respuestas a viejas preguntas acerca del problema
latinoamericano y que aglutinan diferentes teorías y posturas, desde las
que se proyectan iniciativas y orientan acciones. No son los únicos, por
lo que la descripción no es taxativa; existen zonas de contacto entre ellos,
fronteras flexibles. Pero suelen privilegiar un eje interpretativo: América
Latina como territorio de ausencias, de ocultamientos o de alteridades
que expresan procesos controversiales, abiertos. También una disputa
por el sentido del desarrollo, unas veces actualizando propuestas que
signifiquen ascensos sociales como los neodesarrollismos, otras desde
intentos por resignificar el sentido de la lucha anticapitalista, como el
Socialismo del Siglo XXI, otras veces desde una cosmovisión alternativa
a la civilización occidental, como el Buen Vivir.
En conjunto, ofrecen una interpretación política del problema del
desarrollo, dada por el alcance de los proyectos de país vigentes a lo largo
de su historia, la forma como resolvieron los conflictos, lo arriesgado
de las agendas públicas, los modos de reproducción, de regulación y de
relación vigentes en cada momento, la integración social y territorial,
la vinculación con el sistema mundo. La principal contribución
latinoamericana a la teoría del desarrollo está dada en que se erige
desde la práctica concreta de los sujetos situados, de los actores sociales
y los pueblos en sus luchas y aspiraciones sustantivas. El desarrollo
como categoría de política situada expresa una mirada centrada en las
personas y los pueblos en sus lugares de vida, con sus relaciones, sus
tensiones, sus afectos y sus creaciones. Un pensamiento surgido de la
experiencia, que reconoce condicionamientos exógenos, pero que emerge
desde lo territorial donde nace su fuerza alternativa
This paper offers a look from development epistemology, with the purpose of identifying different ways to think the regional reality. The challenge relies on recognizing these understanding fields about Latin American history and reality; ways of interpretation updated in new answers to old questions in relation to the Latin American problem and that bring together different theories and stances, from which initiatives are projected and actions orientated. They are not the only ones, consequently this description is not exhaustive; and areas of contact between them exist. But they use to favor one interpretative concept: Latin America as a territory of absence, of concealment or otherness. They express controversial and open process. But they also express a dispute over the sense of development, sometimes updating positions meaning social rise as the neo-developmentalism, others seeking to re-signify the meaning of the anti-capitalist struggle, as the XXIth century socialism, and sometimes from an alternative world view to the occidental civilization, as the Good Living (Buen Vivir). All together, they offer a political interpretation of the development problem, given by the reach of the country projects prevailing along history, the way of solving conflicts, the risks taken by the public agendas, the ways of reproduction, regulation and relations prevailing in each moment, the social and territorial integration, the connection to the world system. The principal Latin American contribution to the development theory is that it rises from concrete practice of the situated subjects, of the social actors, and of the people in their struggles and substantial aspirations. Development as a category of situated politics expresses a point of view focused in the individuals and in the people in their living places, among their relations, their tensions, their attachments and their creations. A thinking appeared from experience contexts, that acknowledges exogenous conditioning, but that emerges from the territory where rises its alternative strength
This paper offers a look from development epistemology, with the purpose of identifying different ways to think the regional reality. The challenge relies on recognizing these understanding fields about Latin American history and reality; ways of interpretation updated in new answers to old questions in relation to the Latin American problem and that bring together different theories and stances, from which initiatives are projected and actions orientated. They are not the only ones, consequently this description is not exhaustive; and areas of contact between them exist. But they use to favor one interpretative concept: Latin America as a territory of absence, of concealment or otherness. They express controversial and open process. But they also express a dispute over the sense of development, sometimes updating positions meaning social rise as the neo-developmentalism, others seeking to re-signify the meaning of the anti-capitalist struggle, as the XXIth century socialism, and sometimes from an alternative world view to the occidental civilization, as the Good Living (Buen Vivir). All together, they offer a political interpretation of the development problem, given by the reach of the country projects prevailing along history, the way of solving conflicts, the risks taken by the public agendas, the ways of reproduction, regulation and relations prevailing in each moment, the social and territorial integration, the connection to the world system. The principal Latin American contribution to the development theory is that it rises from concrete practice of the situated subjects, of the social actors, and of the people in their struggles and substantial aspirations. Development as a category of situated politics expresses a point of view focused in the individuals and in the people in their living places, among their relations, their tensions, their attachments and their creations. A thinking appeared from experience contexts, that acknowledges exogenous conditioning, but that emerges from the territory where rises its alternative strength
Palabras clave
Modelos de desarrollo, Estrategia del desarrollo, América Latina, Development model, Development Strategy, Latin America